feat(native): windows audio monitoring & recording (#12615)

fix AF-2692  ## Summary by CodeRabbit - **New Features** - Added comprehensive Windows support for audio and application capture, including real-time microphone usage detection, combined microphone and system audio recording, and application state monitoring. - The "meetings" setting is now enabled on Windows as well as macOS. - Conditional UI styling and attributes introduced for Windows environments in the Electron renderer. - **Bug Fixes** - Enhanced file path handling and validation for Windows in Electron file requests. - **Refactor** - Unified application info handling across platforms by consolidating types into a single `ApplicationInfo` structure. - Updated native module APIs by removing deprecated types, refining method signatures, and improving error messages. - Streamlined audio tapping APIs to use process IDs and consistent callback types. - **Documentation** - Added detailed documentation for the Windows-specific audio recording and microphone listener modules. - **Chores** - Updated development dependencies in multiple packages. - Reorganized and added platform-specific dependencies and configuration for Windows support.  #### PR Dependency Tree * **PR #12615** 👈 This tree was auto-generated by [Charcoal](https://github.com/danerwilliams/charcoal) --------- Co-authored-by: LongYinan <lynweklm@gmail.com>
2025-06-18 13:57:01 +08:00 · 2025-06-18 13:57:01 +08:00 · 899ffd1ad3
commit 899ffd1ad3
parent c844786a7f
27 changed files with 2509 additions and 458 deletions
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@ -77,8 +77,10 @@ version = "0.0.0"
 dependencies = [
 "block2",
 "core-foundation",
- "coreaudio-rs",
+ "coreaudio-rs 0.12.1",
 "cpal",
 "criterion2",
 "crossbeam-channel",
 "dispatch2",
 "libc",
 "napi",
@ -91,6 +93,8 @@ dependencies = [
 "symphonia",
 "thiserror 2.0.12",
 "uuid",
 "windows 0.61.1",
 "windows-core 0.61.2",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -213,6 +217,28 @@ version = "0.2.21"
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 "cfg-if",
 "libc",
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 [[package]]
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 "libc",
 "pkg-config",
 ]
 [[package]]
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@ -695,9 +721,17 @@ version = "1.2.24"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "16595d3be041c03b09d08d0858631facccee9221e579704070e6e9e4915d3bc7"
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 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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@ -853,6 +887,16 @@ version = "1.0.3"
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 "bytes",
 "memchr",
 ]
 [[package]]
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@ -979,6 +1023,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "libm",
 ]
 [[package]]
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 "core-foundation-sys",
 "coreaudio-sys",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "coreaudio-rs"
 version = "0.12.1"
@ -999,6 +1054,29 @@ dependencies = [
 "bindgen",
 ]
 [[package]]
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 "coreaudio-rs 0.11.3",
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 "jni",
 "js-sys",
 "libc",
 "mach2",
 "ndk",
 "ndk-context",
 "oboe",
 "wasm-bindgen",
 "wasm-bindgen-futures",
 "web-sys",
 "windows 0.54.0",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "cpufeatures"
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@ -1085,6 +1163,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "walkdir",
 ]
 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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@ -1165,6 +1252,12 @@ dependencies = [
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 ]
 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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@ -1820,7 +1913,7 @@ dependencies = [
 "js-sys",
 "log",
 "wasm-bindgen",
- "windows-core 0.61.2",
+ "windows-core 0.57.0",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -2082,6 +2175,38 @@ version = "0.5.3"
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 [[package]]
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 "walkdir",
 "windows-sys 0.45.0",
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 [[package]]
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 "libc",
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 [[package]]
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@ -2159,7 +2284,7 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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 "cfg-if",
- "windows-targets 0.52.6",
+ "windows-targets 0.48.5",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -2264,6 +2389,15 @@ version = "0.1.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
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 "libc",
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 [[package]]
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@ -2370,9 +2504,9 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "napi"
-version = "3.0.0-beta.3"
+version = "3.0.0-beta.8"
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-checksum = "2a5c343e6e1fb57bf3ea3386638c4affb394ee932708128840a56aaac3d6a8ab"
+checksum = "c502f122fc89e92c6222810b3144411c6f945da5aa3b713ddfad3bdcae7c9bb4"
 dependencies = [
 "anyhow",
 "bitflags 2.9.1",
@ -2380,21 +2514,23 @@ dependencies = [
 "ctor",
 "napi-build",
 "napi-sys",
 "nohash-hasher",
 "rustc-hash 2.1.1",
 "serde",
 "tokio",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "napi-build"
-version = "2.2.0"
+version = "2.2.1"
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-checksum = "03acbfa4f156a32188bfa09b86dc11a431b5725253fc1fc6f6df5bed273382c4"
+checksum = "44e0e3177307063d3e7e55b7dd7b648cca9d7f46daa35422c0d98cc2bf48c2c1"
 [[package]]
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+version = "3.0.0-beta.8"
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-checksum = "08d23065ee795a4b1a8755fdf4a39c2a229679f01f923a8feea33f045d6d96cb"
+checksum = "fcf1e732a67e934b069d6d527251d6288753a36840572abe132a7aed9e77f0bc"
 dependencies = [
 "convert_case 0.8.0",
 "ctor",
@ -2406,9 +2542,9 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "napi-derive-backend"
-version = "2.0.0-beta.3"
+version = "2.0.0-beta.8"
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-checksum = "348aaac2c51b5d11cf90cf7670b470c7f4d1607d15c338efd4d3db361003e4f5"
+checksum = "462b775ba74791c98989fadc46c4bb2ec53016427be4d420d31c4bbaab34b308"
 dependencies = [
 "convert_case 0.8.0",
 "proc-macro2",
@ -2419,13 +2555,42 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "napi-sys"
-version = "3.0.0-alpha.2"
+version = "3.0.0-alpha.3"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "b443b980b2258dbaa31b99115e74da6c0866e537278309d566b4672a2f8df516"
+checksum = "c4401c63f866b42d673a8b213d5662c84a0701b0f6c3acff7e2b9fc439f1675d"
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 ]
 [[package]]
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 "jni-sys",
 "log",
 "ndk-sys",
 "num_enum",
 "thiserror 1.0.69",
 ]
 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
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 dependencies = [
 "jni-sys",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "new_debug_unreachable"
 version = "1.0.6"
@ -2444,6 +2609,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "libc",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "nohash-hasher"
 version = "0.2.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "2bf50223579dc7cdcfb3bfcacf7069ff68243f8c363f62ffa99cf000a6b9c451"
 [[package]]
 name = "nom"
 version = "7.1.3"
@ -2510,6 +2681,17 @@ dependencies = [
 "num-traits",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "num-derive"
 version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "ed3955f1a9c7c0c15e092f9c887db08b1fc683305fdf6eb6684f22555355e202"
 dependencies = [
 "proc-macro2",
 "quote",
 "syn 2.0.101",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "num-integer"
 version = "0.1.46"
@ -2628,6 +2810,29 @@ dependencies = [
 "memchr",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "oboe"
 version = "0.6.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "e8b61bebd49e5d43f5f8cc7ee2891c16e0f41ec7954d36bcb6c14c5e0de867fb"
 dependencies = [
 "jni",
 "ndk",
 "ndk-context",
 "num-derive",
 "num-traits",
 "oboe-sys",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "oboe-sys"
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 checksum = "6c8bb09a4a2b1d668170cfe0a7d5bc103f8999fb316c98099b6a9939c9f2e79d"
 dependencies = [
 "cc",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
 version = "1.21.3"
@ -5003,6 +5208,19 @@ dependencies = [
 "wasm-bindgen-shared",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-futures"
 version = "0.4.50"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "555d470ec0bc3bb57890405e5d4322cc9ea83cebb085523ced7be4144dac1e61"
 dependencies = [
 "cfg-if",
 "js-sys",
 "once_cell",
 "wasm-bindgen",
 "web-sys",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "wasm-bindgen-macro"
 version = "0.2.100"
@ -5116,7 +5334,7 @@ version = "0.1.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cf221c93e13a30d793f7645a0e7762c55d169dbb0a49671918a2319d289b10bb"
 dependencies = [
- "windows-sys 0.59.0",
+ "windows-sys 0.48.0",
 ]
 [[package]]
@ -5125,6 +5343,16 @@ version = "0.4.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "712e227841d057c1ee1cd2fb22fa7e5a5461ae8e48fa2ca79ec42cfc1931183f"
 [[package]]
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 "windows-core 0.54.0",
 "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "windows"
 version = "0.57.0"
@ -5157,6 +5385,16 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-core 0.61.2",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-core"
 version = "0.54.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "12661b9c89351d684a50a8a643ce5f608e20243b9fb84687800163429f161d65"
 dependencies = [
 "windows-result 0.1.2",
 "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-core"
 version = "0.57.0"
@ -5280,6 +5518,15 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-link",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.45.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "75283be5efb2831d37ea142365f009c02ec203cd29a3ebecbc093d52315b66d0"
 dependencies = [
 "windows-targets 0.42.2",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-sys"
 version = "0.48.0"
@ -5307,6 +5554,21 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-targets 0.52.6",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
 version = "0.42.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "8e5180c00cd44c9b1c88adb3693291f1cd93605ded80c250a75d472756b4d071"
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 "windows_aarch64_msvc 0.42.2",
 "windows_i686_gnu 0.42.2",
 "windows_i686_msvc 0.42.2",
 "windows_x86_64_gnu 0.42.2",
 "windows_x86_64_gnullvm 0.42.2",
 "windows_x86_64_msvc 0.42.2",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "windows-targets"
 version = "0.48.5"
@ -5347,6 +5609,12 @@ dependencies = [
 "windows-link",
 ]
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_gnullvm"
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 [[package]]
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@ -5359,6 +5627,12 @@ version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "32a4622180e7a0ec044bb555404c800bc9fd9ec262ec147edd5989ccd0c02cd3"
 [[package]]
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 [[package]]
 name = "windows_aarch64_msvc"
 version = "0.48.5"
@ -5371,6 +5645,12 @@ version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "09ec2a7bb152e2252b53fa7803150007879548bc709c039df7627cabbd05d469"
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "c61d927d8da41da96a81f029489353e68739737d3beca43145c8afec9a31a84f"
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_gnu"
 version = "0.48.5"
@ -5389,6 +5669,12 @@ version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "0eee52d38c090b3caa76c563b86c3a4bd71ef1a819287c19d586d7334ae8ed66"
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "44d840b6ec649f480a41c8d80f9c65108b92d89345dd94027bfe06ac444d1060"
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_i686_msvc"
 version = "0.48.5"
@ -5401,6 +5687,12 @@ version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "240948bc05c5e7c6dabba28bf89d89ffce3e303022809e73deaefe4f6ec56c66"
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "8de912b8b8feb55c064867cf047dda097f92d51efad5b491dfb98f6bbb70cb36"
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnu"
 version = "0.48.5"
@ -5413,6 +5705,12 @@ version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "147a5c80aabfbf0c7d901cb5895d1de30ef2907eb21fbbab29ca94c5b08b1a78"
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "26d41b46a36d453748aedef1486d5c7a85db22e56aff34643984ea85514e94a3"
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_gnullvm"
 version = "0.48.5"
@ -5425,6 +5723,12 @@ version = "0.52.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "24d5b23dc417412679681396f2b49f3de8c1473deb516bd34410872eff51ed0d"
 [[package]]
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 checksum = "9aec5da331524158c6d1a4ac0ab1541149c0b9505fde06423b02f5ef0106b9f0"
 [[package]]
 name = "windows_x86_64_msvc"
 version = "0.48.5"
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@ -28,12 +28,14 @@ base64-simd            = "0.8"
 bitvec                 = "1.0"
 block2                 = "0.6"
 byteorder              = "1.5"
 cpal                   = "0.15"
 chrono                 = "0.4"
 clap                   = { version = "4.4", features = ["derive"] }
 core-foundation        = "0.10"
 coreaudio-rs           = "0.12"
 criterion              = { version = "0.5", features = ["html_reports"] }
 criterion2             = { version = "3", default-features = false }
 crossbeam-channel      = "0.5"
 dispatch2              = "0.3"
 docx-parser            = { git = "https://github.com/toeverything/docx-parser" }
 dotenvy                = "0.15"
@ -97,6 +99,19 @@ uniffi                 = "0.29"
 url                    = { version = "2.5" }
 uuid                   = "1.8"
 v_htmlescape           = "0.15"
 windows                = { version = "0.61", features = [
  "Win32_Devices_FunctionDiscovery",
  "Win32_UI_Shell_PropertiesSystem",
  "Win32_Media_Audio",
  "Win32_System_Variant",
  "Win32_System_Com_StructuredStorage",
  "Win32_System_Threading",
  "Win32_System_ProcessStatus",
  "Win32_Foundation",
  "Win32_System_Com",
  "Win32_System_Diagnostics_ToolHelp",
 ] }
 windows-core = { version = "0.61" }
 y-octo                 = { path = "./packages/common/y-octo/core" }
 y-sync                 = { version = "0.4" }
 yrs                    = "0.23.0"
--- a/packages/backend/native/package.json
+++ b/packages/backend/native/package.json
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
    "build:debug": "napi build"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@napi-rs/cli": "3.0.0-alpha.81",
+    "@napi-rs/cli": "3.0.0-alpha.89",
    "lib0": "^0.2.99",
    "tiktoken": "^1.0.17",
    "tinybench": "^4.0.0",
--- a/packages/common/y-octo/node/package.json
+++ b/packages/common/y-octo/node/package.json
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  },
  "license": "MIT",
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@napi-rs/cli": "3.0.0-alpha.81",
+    "@napi-rs/cli": "3.0.0-alpha.89",
    "@types/node": "^22.14.1",
    "@types/prompts": "^2.4.9",
    "c8": "^10.1.3",
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/popup/app.css.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/popup/app.css.ts
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 import { cssVarV2 } from '@toeverything/theme/v2';
 import { globalStyle, style } from '@vanilla-extract/css';
 globalStyle('html', {
@ -13,4 +14,9 @@ export const root = style({
  width: '100%',
  height: '100%',
  userSelect: 'none',
  selectors: {
    '&[data-is-windows]': {
      backgroundColor: cssVarV2('layer/background/primary'),
    },
  },
 });
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/popup/app.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron-renderer/src/popup/app.tsx
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ export function App() {
    <FrameworkRoot framework={frameworkProvider}>
      <ThemeProvider>
        <I18nProvider>
-          <div className={styles.root}>
+          <div className={styles.root} data-is-windows={environment.isWindows}>
            {mode === 'recording' && <Recording />}
          </div>
        </I18nProvider>
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/protocol.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/protocol.ts
@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
-import { join } from 'node:path';
+import path, { join } from 'node:path';
 import { pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
 import { app, net, protocol, session } from 'electron';
 import cookieParser from 'set-cookie-parser';
-import { resourcesPath } from '../shared/utils';
+import { isWindows, resourcesPath } from '../shared/utils';
 import { anotherHost, mainHost } from './constants';
 import { logger } from './logger';
@ -77,17 +78,23 @@ async function handleFileRequest(request: Request) {
    }
  } else {
    filepath = decodeURIComponent(urlObject.pathname);
    // on windows, the path could be start with '/'
    if (isWindows()) {
      filepath = path.resolve(filepath.replace(/^\//, ''));
    }
    // security check if the filepath is within app.getPath('sessionData')
-    const sessionDataPath = app.getPath('sessionData');
+    const sessionDataPath = path
-    const tempPath = app.getPath('temp');
+      .resolve(app.getPath('sessionData'))
      .toLowerCase();
    const tempPath = path.resolve(app.getPath('temp')).toLowerCase();
    if (
-      !filepath.startsWith(sessionDataPath) &&
+      !filepath.toLowerCase().startsWith(sessionDataPath) &&
-      !filepath.startsWith(tempPath)
+      !filepath.toLowerCase().startsWith(tempPath)
    ) {
      throw new Error('Invalid filepath');
    }
  }
-  return net.fetch('file://' + filepath, clonedRequest);
+  return net.fetch(pathToFileURL(filepath).toString(), clonedRequest);
 }
 export function registerProtocol() {
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/recording/feature.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/recording/feature.ts
@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 /* oxlint-disable no-var-requires */
 import { execSync } from 'node:child_process';
 import { createHash } from 'node:crypto';
 import fsp from 'node:fs/promises';
 import path from 'node:path';
 // Should not load @affine/native for unsupported platforms
-import type { ShareableContent } from '@affine/native';
+import type { ShareableContent as ShareableContentType } from '@affine/native';
 import { app, systemPreferences } from 'electron';
 import fs from 'fs-extra';
 import { debounce } from 'lodash-es';
@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ import {
 } from 'rxjs';
 import { filter, map, shareReplay } from 'rxjs/operators';
-import { isMacOS, shallowEqual } from '../../shared/utils';
+import { isMacOS, isWindows, shallowEqual } from '../../shared/utils';
 import { beforeAppQuit } from '../cleanup';
 import { logger } from '../logger';
 import {
@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ export const SAVED_RECORDINGS_DIR = path.join(
  'recordings'
 );
-let shareableContent: ShareableContent | null = null;
+let shareableContent: ShareableContentType | null = null;
 function cleanup() {
  shareableContent = null;
@ -95,8 +96,10 @@ const recordings = new Map<number, Recording>();
 export const recordingStatus$ = recordingStateMachine.status$;
 function createAppGroup(processGroupId: number): AppGroupInfo | undefined {
-  const groupProcess =
+  // MUST require dynamically to avoid loading @affine/native for unsupported platforms
-    shareableContent?.applicationWithProcessId(processGroupId);
+  const SC: typeof ShareableContentType =
    require('@affine/native').ShareableContent;
  const groupProcess = SC?.applicationWithProcessId(processGroupId);
  if (!groupProcess) {
    return;
  }
@ -239,15 +242,30 @@ function setupNewRunningAppGroup() {
  );
 }
 function getSanitizedAppId(bundleIdentifier?: string) {
  if (!bundleIdentifier) {
    return 'unknown';
  }
  return isWindows()
    ? createHash('sha256')
        .update(bundleIdentifier)
        .digest('hex')
        .substring(0, 8)
    : bundleIdentifier;
 }
 export function createRecording(status: RecordingStatus) {
  let recording = recordings.get(status.id);
  if (recording) {
    return recording;
  }
  const appId = getSanitizedAppId(status.appGroup?.bundleIdentifier);
  const bufferedFilePath = path.join(
    SAVED_RECORDINGS_DIR,
-    `${status.appGroup?.bundleIdentifier ?? 'unknown'}-${status.id}-${status.startTime}.raw`
+    `${appId}-${status.id}-${status.startTime}.raw`
  );
  fs.ensureDirSync(SAVED_RECORDINGS_DIR);
@ -273,11 +291,12 @@ export function createRecording(status: RecordingStatus) {
  }
  // MUST require dynamically to avoid loading @affine/native for unsupported platforms
-  const ShareableContent = require('@affine/native').ShareableContent;
+  const SC: typeof ShareableContentType =
    require('@affine/native').ShareableContent;
  const stream = status.app
-    ? status.app.rawInstance.tapAudio(tapAudioSamples)
+    ? SC.tapAudio(status.app.processId, tapAudioSamples)
-    : ShareableContent.tapGlobalAudio(null, tapAudioSamples);
+    : SC.tapGlobalAudio(null, tapAudioSamples);
  recording = {
    id: status.id,
@ -379,15 +398,24 @@ function getAllApps(): TappableAppInfo[] {
  if (!shareableContent) {
    return [];
  }
-  const apps = shareableContent.applications().map(app => {
+
  // MUST require dynamically to avoid loading @affine/native for unsupported platforms
  const { ShareableContent } = require('@affine/native') as {
    ShareableContent: typeof ShareableContentType;
  };
  const apps = ShareableContent.applications().map(app => {
    try {
      // Check if this process is actively using microphone/audio
      const isRunning = ShareableContent.isUsingMicrophone(app.processId);
      return {
-        rawInstance: app,
+        info: app,
        processId: app.processId,
        processGroupId: app.processGroupId,
        bundleIdentifier: app.bundleIdentifier,
        name: app.name,
-        isRunning: app.isRunning,
+        isRunning,
      };
    } catch (error) {
      logger.error('failed to get app info', error);
@ -441,15 +469,15 @@ function setupMediaListeners() {
      apps.forEach(app => {
        try {
-          const tappableApp = app.rawInstance;
+          const applicationInfo = app.info;
          _appStateSubscribers.push(
-            ShareableContent.onAppStateChanged(tappableApp, () => {
+            ShareableContent.onAppStateChanged(applicationInfo, () => {
              updateApplicationsPing$.next(Date.now());
            })
          );
        } catch (error) {
          logger.error(
-            `Failed to convert app ${app.name} to TappableApplication`,
+            `Failed to set up app state listener for ${app.name}`,
            error
          );
        }
@ -668,15 +696,18 @@ export async function readyRecording(id: number, buffer: Buffer) {
    return;
  }
-  const filepath = path.join(
+  const rawFilePath = String(recording.file.path);
-    SAVED_RECORDINGS_DIR,
+
-    `${recordingStatus.appGroup?.bundleIdentifier ?? 'unknown'}-${recordingStatus.id}-${recordingStatus.startTime}.opus`
+  const filepath = rawFilePath.replace('.raw', '.opus');
-  );
+
  if (!filepath) {
    logger.error(`readyRecording: Recording ${id} has no filepath`);
    return;
  }
  await fs.writeFile(filepath, buffer);
  // can safely remove the raw file now
  const rawFilePath = recording.file.path;
  logger.info('remove raw file', rawFilePath);
  if (rawFilePath) {
    try {
@ -768,14 +799,24 @@ export const getMacOSVersion = () => {
 // check if the system is MacOS and the version is >= 14.2
 export const checkRecordingAvailable = () => {
-  if (!isMacOS()) {
+  if (isMacOS()) {
-    return false;
+    const version = getMacOSVersion();
    return (version.major === 14 && version.minor >= 2) || version.major > 14;
  }
-  const version = getMacOSVersion();
+  if (isWindows()) {
-  return (version.major === 14 && version.minor >= 2) || version.major > 14;
+    return true;
  }
  return false;
 };
 export const checkMeetingPermissions = () => {
  if (isWindows()) {
    return {
      screen: true,
      microphone: true,
    };
  }
  if (!isMacOS()) {
    return undefined;
  }
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/recording/types.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/recording/types.ts
@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import type { WriteStream } from 'node:fs';
-import type { AudioCaptureSession, TappableApplication } from '@affine/native';
+import type { ApplicationInfo, AudioCaptureSession } from '@affine/native';
 export interface TappableAppInfo {
-  rawInstance: TappableApplication;
+  info: ApplicationInfo;
  isRunning: boolean;
  processId: number;
  processGroupId: number;
--- a/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/windows-manager/popup.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/apps/electron/src/main/windows-manager/popup.ts
@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ abstract class PopupWindow {
      closable: false,
      alwaysOnTop: true,
      hiddenInMissionControl: true,
      skipTaskbar: true,
      movable: false,
      titleBarStyle: 'hidden',
      show: false, // hide by default,
@ -243,6 +244,8 @@ export class PopupManager {
          return new NotificationPopupWindow() as PopupWindowTypeMap[T];
        case 'recording':
          return new RecordingPopupWindow() as PopupWindowTypeMap[T];
        default:
          throw new Error(`Unknown popup type: ${type}`);
      }
    })();
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/desktop/dialogs/setting/general-setting/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/desktop/dialogs/setting/general-setting/index.tsx
@ -95,7 +95,10 @@ export const useGeneralSettingList = (): GeneralSettingList => {
      });
    }
-    if (environment.isMacOs && BUILD_CONFIG.isElectron) {
+    if (
      (environment.isMacOs || environment.isWindows) &&
      BUILD_CONFIG.isElectron
    ) {
      settings.push({
        key: 'meetings',
        title: t['com.affine.settings.meetings'](),
--- a/packages/frontend/core/src/desktop/dialogs/setting/general-setting/meetings/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/frontend/core/src/desktop/dialogs/setting/general-setting/meetings/index.tsx
@ -295,28 +295,31 @@ const MeetingsSettingsMain = () => {
              />
            </SettingRow>
          </SettingWrapper>
-          <SettingWrapper
+          {environment.isMacOs && (
-            title={t['com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.header']()}
+            <SettingWrapper
-          >
+              title={t['com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.header']()}
-            <PermissionSettingRow
+            >
-              nameKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.screen-system-audio-recording"
+              <PermissionSettingRow
-              descriptionKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.screen-system-audio-recording.description"
+                nameKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.screen-system-audio-recording"
-              permissionSettingKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.screen-system-audio-recording.permission-setting"
+                descriptionKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.screen-system-audio-recording.description"
-              hasPermission={permissions?.screen || false}
+                permissionSettingKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.screen-system-audio-recording.permission-setting"
-              onOpenPermissionSetting={() =>
+                hasPermission={permissions?.screen || false}
-                handleOpenPermissionSetting('screen')
+                onOpenPermissionSetting={() =>
-              }
+                  handleOpenPermissionSetting('screen')
-            />
+                }
-            <PermissionSettingRow
+              />
-              nameKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.microphone"
+              <PermissionSettingRow
-              descriptionKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.microphone.description"
+                nameKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.microphone"
-              permissionSettingKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.microphone.permission-setting"
+                descriptionKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.microphone.description"
-              hasPermission={permissions?.microphone || false}
+                permissionSettingKey="com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.microphone.permission-setting"
-              onOpenPermissionSetting={() =>
+                hasPermission={permissions?.microphone || false}
-                handleOpenPermissionSetting('microphone')
+                onOpenPermissionSetting={() =>
-              }
+                  handleOpenPermissionSetting('microphone')
-            />
+                }
-          </SettingWrapper>
+              />
            </SettingWrapper>
          )}
          <SettingWrapper>
            <SettingRow
              name={t['com.affine.settings.meetings.privacy.issues']()}
--- a/packages/frontend/media-capture-playground/server/main.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/media-capture-playground/server/main.ts
@ -3,10 +3,9 @@ import { createServer } from 'node:http';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import {
-  type Application,
+  type ApplicationInfo,
  type AudioCaptureSession,
  ShareableContent,
  type TappableApplication,
 } from '@affine/native';
 import type { FSWatcher } from 'chokidar';
 import chokidar from 'chokidar';
@ -35,8 +34,8 @@ console.log(`📁 Ensuring recordings directory exists at ${RECORDING_DIR}`);
 // Types
 interface Recording {
-  app: TappableApplication | null;
+  app: ApplicationInfo | null;
-  appGroup: Application | null;
+  appGroup: ApplicationInfo | null;
  buffers: Float32Array[];
  session: AudioCaptureSession;
  startTime: number;
@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ interface RecordingMetadata {
 }
 interface AppInfo {
-  app?: TappableApplication;
+  app?: ApplicationInfo;
  processId: number;
  processGroupId: number;
  bundleIdentifier: string;
@ -151,6 +150,31 @@ const upload = multer({
  },
 });
 // Helper functions to safely access properties from both ApplicationInfo and ApplicationInfo
 function getAppName(app: ApplicationInfo | null): string {
  if (!app) return 'Unknown App';
  return app.name ?? 'Unknown App';
 }
 function getAppProcessId(app: ApplicationInfo | null): number {
  if (!app) return 0;
  return app.processId ?? 0;
 }
 function getAppBundleIdentifier(app: ApplicationInfo | null): string {
  if (!app) return 'unknown';
  return app.bundleIdentifier ?? 'unknown';
 }
 function getAppIcon(app: ApplicationInfo | null): Buffer | null {
  if (!app) return null;
  try {
    return app.icon ?? null;
  } catch {
    return null;
  }
 }
 // Recording management
 async function saveRecording(
  recording: Recording,
@ -176,9 +200,9 @@ async function saveRecording(
    if (recording.isGlobal) {
      console.log('💾 Saving global recording:');
    } else {
-      const appName = app?.name ?? 'Unknown App';
+      const appName = getAppName(app);
-      const processId = app?.processId ?? 0;
+      const processId = getAppProcessId(app);
-      const bundleId = app?.bundleIdentifier ?? 'unknown';
+      const bundleId = getAppBundleIdentifier(app);
      console.log(`💾 Saving recording for ${appName}:`);
      if (app) {
        console.log(`- Process ID: ${processId}`);
@ -208,7 +232,7 @@ async function saveRecording(
    const timestamp = Date.now();
    const baseFilename = recording.isGlobal
      ? `global-recording-${timestamp}`
-      : `${app?.bundleIdentifier ?? 'unknown'}-${app?.processId ?? 0}-${timestamp}`;
+      : `${getAppBundleIdentifier(app)}-${getAppProcessId(app)}-${timestamp}`;
    // Sanitize the baseFilename to prevent path traversal
    const sanitizedFilename = baseFilename
@ -249,18 +273,19 @@ async function saveRecording(
    console.log('✅ Transcription Wav file written successfully');
    // Save app icon if available
-    if (app?.icon) {
+    const appIcon = getAppIcon(app);
    if (appIcon) {
      console.log(`📝 Writing app icon to ${iconFilename}`);
-      await fs.writeFile(iconFilename, app.icon);
+      await fs.writeFile(iconFilename, appIcon);
      console.log('✅ App icon written successfully');
    }
    console.log(`📝 Writing metadata to ${metadataFilename}`);
    // Save metadata with the actual sample rate from the stream
    const metadata: RecordingMetadata = {
-      appName: app?.name ?? 'Global Recording',
+      appName: getAppName(app),
-      bundleIdentifier: app?.bundleIdentifier ?? 'system.global',
+      bundleIdentifier: getAppBundleIdentifier(app),
-      processId: app?.processId ?? -1,
+      processId: getAppProcessId(app),
      recordingStartTime: recording.startTime,
      recordingEndTime,
      recordingDuration,
@ -283,8 +308,8 @@ async function saveRecording(
 function getRecordingStatus(): RecordingStatus[] {
  return Array.from(recordingMap.entries()).map(([processId, recording]) => ({
    processId,
-    bundleIdentifier: recording.app?.bundleIdentifier ?? 'system.global',
+    bundleIdentifier: getAppBundleIdentifier(recording.app),
-    name: recording.app?.name ?? 'Global Recording',
+    name: getAppName(recording.app),
    startTime: recording.startTime,
    duration: Date.now() - recording.startTime,
  }));
@ -294,41 +319,53 @@ function emitRecordingStatus() {
  io.emit('apps:recording', { recordings: getRecordingStatus() });
 }
-async function startRecording(app: TappableApplication) {
+async function startRecording(app: ApplicationInfo) {
-  if (recordingMap.has(app.processId)) {
+  const appProcessId = getAppProcessId(app);
  const appName = getAppName(app);
  const appBundleId = getAppBundleIdentifier(app);
  if (recordingMap.has(appProcessId)) {
    console.log(
-      `⚠️ Recording already in progress for ${app.name} (PID: ${app.processId})`
+      `⚠️ Recording already in progress for ${appName} (PID: ${appProcessId})`
    );
    return;
  }
  try {
    console.log(
      `🎙️ Starting recording for ${appName} (Bundle: ${appBundleId}, PID: ${appProcessId})`
    );
    const processGroupId = app.processGroupId;
    const rootApp =
-      shareableContent.applicationWithProcessId(processGroupId) ||
+      ShareableContent.applicationWithProcessId(processGroupId) ||
-      shareableContent.applicationWithProcessId(app.processId);
+      ShareableContent.applicationWithProcessId(app.processId);
    if (!rootApp) {
-      console.error(`❌ App group not found for ${app.name}`);
+      console.error(`❌ App group not found for ${appName}`);
      return;
    }
    console.log(
-      `🎙️ Starting recording for ${rootApp.name} (PID: ${rootApp.processId})`
+      `🎙️ Recording from ${rootApp.name} (PID: ${rootApp.processId})`
    );
    const buffers: Float32Array[] = [];
-    const session = app.tapAudio((err, samples) => {
+    const session = ShareableContent.tapAudio(
-      if (err) {
+      appProcessId,
-        console.error(`❌ Audio stream error for ${rootApp.name}:`, err);
+      (err: any, samples: any) => {
-        return;
+        if (err) {
          console.error(`❌ Audio stream error for ${rootApp.name}:`, err);
          return;
        }
        const recording = recordingMap.get(appProcessId);
        if (recording && !recording.isWriting) {
          buffers.push(new Float32Array(samples));
        }
      }
-      const recording = recordingMap.get(app.processId);
+    );
      if (recording && !recording.isWriting) {
        buffers.push(new Float32Array(samples));
      }
    });
-    recordingMap.set(app.processId, {
+    recordingMap.set(appProcessId, {
      app,
      appGroup: rootApp,
      buffers,
@ -340,7 +377,7 @@ async function startRecording(app: TappableApplication) {
    console.log(`✅ Recording started successfully for ${rootApp.name}`);
    emitRecordingStatus();
  } catch (error) {
-    console.error(`❌ Error starting recording for ${app.name}:`, error);
+    console.error(`❌ Error starting recording for ${appName}:`, error);
  }
 }
@ -352,9 +389,10 @@ async function stopRecording(processId: number) {
  }
  const app = recording.appGroup || recording.app;
-  const appName =
+  const appName = recording.isGlobal
-    app?.name ?? (recording.isGlobal ? 'Global Recording' : 'Unknown App');
+    ? 'Global Recording'
-  const appPid = app?.processId ?? processId;
+    : getAppName(app) || 'Unknown App';
  const appPid = getAppProcessId(app);
  console.log(`⏹️ Stopping recording for ${appName} (PID: ${appPid})`);
  console.log(
@ -529,11 +567,15 @@ async function setupRecordingsWatcher() {
  }
 }
-// Application management
+/**
-const shareableContent = new ShareableContent();
+ * Gets all applications and groups them by bundle identifier.
-
+ * For apps with the same bundle ID (e.g., multiple processes of the same app),
 * only one representative is returned. The selection prioritizes:
 * 1. Running apps over stopped apps
 * 2. Lower process IDs (usually parent processes)
 */
 async function getAllApps(): Promise<AppInfo[]> {
-  const apps: (AppInfo | null)[] = shareableContent.applications().map(app => {
+  const apps: (AppInfo | null)[] = ShareableContent.applications().map(app => {
    try {
      return {
        app,
@ -541,7 +583,9 @@ async function getAllApps(): Promise<AppInfo[]> {
        processGroupId: app.processGroupId,
        bundleIdentifier: app.bundleIdentifier,
        name: app.name,
-        isRunning: app.isRunning,
+        get isRunning() {
          return ShareableContent.isUsingMicrophone(app.processId);
        },
      };
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(error);
@ -557,37 +601,57 @@ async function getAllApps(): Promise<AppInfo[]> {
    );
  });
  // Group apps by bundleIdentifier - only keep one representative per bundle ID
  const bundleGroups = new Map<string, AppInfo[]>();
  // Group all apps by their bundle identifier
  for (const app of filteredApps) {
-    if (filteredApps.some(a => a.processId === app.processGroupId)) {
+    const bundleId = app.bundleIdentifier;
-      continue;
+    if (!bundleGroups.has(bundleId)) {
      bundleGroups.set(bundleId, []);
    }
-    const appGroup = shareableContent.applicationWithProcessId(
+    bundleGroups.get(bundleId)?.push(app);
      app.processGroupId
    );
    if (!appGroup) {
      continue;
    }
    filteredApps.push({
      processId: appGroup.processId,
      processGroupId: appGroup.processGroupId,
      bundleIdentifier: appGroup.bundleIdentifier,
      name: appGroup.name,
      isRunning: false,
    });
  }
-  // Stop recording if app is not listed
+  console.log(`📦 Found ${bundleGroups.size} unique bundle identifiers`);
  // For each bundle group, select the best representative
  const groupedApps: AppInfo[] = [];
  for (const [_, appsInGroup] of bundleGroups) {
    if (appsInGroup.length === 1) {
      // Only one app with this bundle ID, use it directly
      groupedApps.push(appsInGroup[0]);
    } else {
      // Multiple apps with same bundle ID, choose the best representative
      // Prefer running apps, then apps with lower process IDs (usually parent processes)
      const sortedApps = appsInGroup.sort((a, b) => {
        // First priority: running apps
        if (a.isRunning !== b.isRunning) {
          return a.isRunning ? -1 : 1;
        }
        // Second priority: lower process ID (usually parent process)
        return a.processId - b.processId;
      });
      const representative = sortedApps[0];
      groupedApps.push(representative);
    }
  }
  // Stop recording if app is not listed (check by process ID)
  await Promise.all(
    Array.from(recordingMap.keys()).map(async processId => {
-      if (!filteredApps.some(a => a.processId === processId)) {
+      if (!groupedApps.some(a => a.processId === processId)) {
        await stopRecording(processId);
      }
    })
  );
-  listenToAppStateChanges(filteredApps);
+  listenToAppStateChanges(groupedApps);
-  return filteredApps;
+  return groupedApps;
 }
 function listenToAppStateChanges(apps: AppInfo[]) {
@ -597,19 +661,27 @@ function listenToAppStateChanges(apps: AppInfo[]) {
        return { unsubscribe: () => {} };
      }
      const appName = getAppName(app);
      const appProcessId = getAppProcessId(app);
      const onAppStateChanged = () => {
        const currentIsRunning =
          ShareableContent.isUsingMicrophone(appProcessId);
        console.log(
-          `🔄 Application state changed: ${app.name} (PID: ${app.processId}) is now ${
+          `🔄 Application state changed: ${appName} (PID: ${appProcessId}) is now ${
-            app.isRunning ? '▶️ running' : '⏹️ stopped'
+            currentIsRunning ? '▶️ running' : '⏹️ stopped'
          }`
        );
        // Emit state change to all clients
        io.emit('apps:state-changed', {
-          processId: app.processId,
+          processId: appProcessId,
-          isRunning: app.isRunning,
+          isRunning: currentIsRunning,
        });
-        if (!app.isRunning) {
+        if (!currentIsRunning) {
-          stopRecording(app.processId).catch(error => {
+          stopRecording(appProcessId).catch(error => {
            console.error('❌ Error stopping recording:', error);
          });
        }
@ -621,7 +693,7 @@ function listenToAppStateChanges(apps: AppInfo[]) {
      );
    } catch (error) {
      console.error(
-        `Failed to listen to app state changes for ${app?.name}:`,
+        `Failed to listen to app state changes for ${app ? getAppName(app) : 'unknown app'}:`,
        error
      );
      return { unsubscribe: () => {} };
@ -652,7 +724,8 @@ io.on('connection', async socket => {
  console.log(`📤 Sending ${files.length} saved recordings to new client`);
  socket.emit('apps:saved', { recordings: files });
-  listenToAppStateChanges(initialApps.map(app => app.app).filter(app => !!app));
+  // Set up state listeners for the current apps
  listenToAppStateChanges(initialApps.filter(appInfo => appInfo.app != null));
  socket.on('disconnect', () => {
    console.log('🔌 Client disconnected');
@ -667,6 +740,9 @@ ShareableContent.onApplicationListChanged(() => {
      const apps = await getAllApps();
      console.log(`📢 Broadcasting ${apps.length} applications to all clients`);
      io.emit('apps:all', { apps });
      // Set up state listeners for the updated apps
      listenToAppStateChanges(apps.filter(appInfo => appInfo.app != null));
    } catch (error) {
      console.error('❌ Error handling application list change:', error);
    }
@ -769,7 +845,7 @@ app.delete('/recordings/:foldername', rateLimiter, (async (
 app.get('/apps/:process_id/icon', (req, res) => {
  const processId = parseInt(req.params.process_id);
  try {
-    const app = shareableContent.applicationWithProcessId(processId);
+    const app = ShareableContent.applicationWithProcessId(processId);
    if (!app) {
      res.status(404).json({ error: 'App not found' });
      return;
@ -786,7 +862,7 @@ app.get('/apps/:process_id/icon', (req, res) => {
 app.post('/apps/:process_id/record', async (req, res) => {
  const processId = parseInt(req.params.process_id);
  try {
-    const app = shareableContent.tappableApplicationWithProcessId(processId);
+    const app = ShareableContent.applicationWithProcessId(processId);
    if (!app) {
      res.status(404).json({ error: 'App not found' });
      return;
--- a/packages/frontend/native/index.d.ts
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/index.d.ts
@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 /* auto-generated by NAPI-RS */
 /* eslint-disable */
-export declare class Application {
+export declare class ApplicationInfo {
-  constructor(processId: number)
+  processId: number
-  get processId(): number
+  name: string
  objectId: number
  constructor(processId: number, name: string, objectId: number)
  get processGroupId(): number
  get bundleIdentifier(): string
  get name(): string
  get icon(): Buffer
 }
@ -18,12 +19,30 @@ export declare class ApplicationStateChangedSubscriber {
 }
 export declare class AudioCaptureSession {
  stop(): void
  get sampleRate(): number
  get channels(): number
  get actualSampleRate(): number
  stop(): void
 }
 export declare class ShareableContent {
  static onApplicationListChanged(callback: ((err: Error | null, ) => void)): ApplicationListChangedSubscriber
  static onAppStateChanged(app: ApplicationInfo, callback: ((err: Error | null, ) => void)): ApplicationStateChangedSubscriber
  constructor()
  static applications(): Array<ApplicationInfo>
  static applicationWithProcessId(processId: number): ApplicationInfo | null
  static tapAudio(processId: number, audioStreamCallback: ((err: Error | null, arg: Float32Array) => void)): AudioCaptureSession
  static tapGlobalAudio(excludedProcesses: Array<ApplicationInfo> | undefined | null, audioStreamCallback: ((err: Error | null, arg: Float32Array) => void)): AudioCaptureSession
  static isUsingMicrophone(processId: number): boolean
 }
 export declare function decodeAudio(buf: Uint8Array, destSampleRate?: number | undefined | null, filename?: string | undefined | null, signal?: AbortSignal | undefined | null): Promise<Float32Array>
 /** Decode audio file into a Float32Array */
 export declare function decodeAudioSync(buf: Uint8Array, destSampleRate?: number | undefined | null, filename?: string | undefined | null): Float32Array
 export declare function mintChallengeResponse(resource: string, bits?: number | undefined | null): Promise<string>
 export declare function verifyChallengeResponse(response: string, bits: number, resource: string): Promise<boolean>
 export declare class DocStorage {
  constructor(path: string)
  validate(): Promise<boolean>
@ -64,21 +83,43 @@ export declare class DocStoragePool {
  getBlobUploadedAt(universalId: string, peer: string, blobId: string): Promise<Date | null>
 }
-export declare class RecordingPermissions {
+export interface Blob {
-  audio: boolean
+  key: string
-  screen: boolean
+  data: Uint8Array
  mime: string
  size: number
  createdAt: Date
 }
-export declare class ShareableContent {
+export interface DocClock {
-  static onApplicationListChanged(callback: ((err: Error | null, ) => void)): ApplicationListChangedSubscriber
+  docId: string
-  static onAppStateChanged(app: TappableApplication, callback: ((err: Error | null, ) => void)): ApplicationStateChangedSubscriber
+  timestamp: Date
  constructor()
  applications(): Array<TappableApplication>
  applicationWithProcessId(processId: number): Application | null
  tappableApplicationWithProcessId(processId: number): TappableApplication | null
  static tapGlobalAudio(excludedProcesses: Array<TappableApplication> | undefined | null, audioStreamCallback: ((err: Error | null, arg: Float32Array) => void)): AudioCaptureSession
 }
 export interface DocRecord {
  docId: string
  bin: Uint8Array
  timestamp: Date
 }
 export interface DocUpdate {
  docId: string
  timestamp: Date
  bin: Uint8Array
 }
 export interface ListedBlob {
  key: string
  size: number
  mime: string
  createdAt: Date
 }
 export interface SetBlob {
  key: string
  data: Uint8Array
  mime: string
 }
 export declare class SqliteConnection {
  constructor(path: string)
  connect(): Promise<void>
@ -117,80 +158,22 @@ export declare class SqliteConnection {
  checkpoint(): Promise<void>
 }
 export declare class TappableApplication {
  constructor(objectId: AudioObjectID)
  static fromApplication(app: Application, objectId: AudioObjectID): TappableApplication
  get processId(): number
  get processGroupId(): number
  get bundleIdentifier(): string
  get name(): string
  get objectId(): number
  get icon(): Buffer
  get isRunning(): boolean
  tapAudio(audioStreamCallback: ((err: Error | null, arg: Float32Array) => void)): AudioCaptureSession
 }
 export interface Blob {
  key: string
  data: Uint8Array
  mime: string
  size: number
  createdAt: Date
 }
 export interface BlobRow {
  key: string
  data: Buffer
  timestamp: Date
 }
 export declare function decodeAudio(buf: Uint8Array, destSampleRate?: number | undefined | null, filename?: string | undefined | null, signal?: AbortSignal | undefined | null): Promise<Float32Array>
 /** Decode audio file into a Float32Array */
 export declare function decodeAudioSync(buf: Uint8Array, destSampleRate?: number | undefined | null, filename?: string | undefined | null): Float32Array
 export interface DocClock {
  docId: string
  timestamp: Date
 }
 export interface DocRecord {
  docId: string
  bin: Uint8Array
  timestamp: Date
 }
 export interface DocTimestampRow {
  docId?: string
  timestamp: Date
 }
 export interface DocUpdate {
  docId: string
  timestamp: Date
  bin: Uint8Array
 }
 export interface InsertRow {
  docId?: string
  data: Uint8Array
 }
 export interface ListedBlob {
  key: string
  size: number
  mime: string
  createdAt: Date
 }
 export declare function mintChallengeResponse(resource: string, bits?: number | undefined | null): Promise<string>
 export interface SetBlob {
  key: string
  data: Uint8Array
  mime: string
 }
 export interface UpdateRow {
  id: number
  timestamp: Date
@ -205,5 +188,3 @@ export declare enum ValidationResult {
  GeneralError = 3,
  Valid = 4
 }
 export declare function verifyChallengeResponse(response: string, bits: number, resource: string): Promise<boolean>
--- a/packages/frontend/native/index.js
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/index.js
@ -365,28 +365,27 @@ if (!nativeBinding || process.env.NAPI_RS_FORCE_WASI) {
 if (!nativeBinding) {
  if (loadErrors.length > 0) {
-    // TODO Link to documentation with potential fixes
+    throw new Error(
-    //  - The package owner could build/publish bindings for this arch
+      `Cannot find native binding. ` +
-    //  - The user may need to bundle the correct files
+        `npm has a bug related to optional dependencies (https://github.com/npm/cli/issues/4828). ` +
-    //  - The user may need to re-install node_modules to get new packages
+        'Please try `npm i` again after removing both package-lock.json and node_modules directory.',
-    throw new Error('Failed to load native binding', { cause: loadErrors })
+      { cause: loadErrors }
    )
  }
  throw new Error(`Failed to load native binding`)
 }
 module.exports = nativeBinding
-module.exports.Application = nativeBinding.Application
+module.exports.ApplicationInfo = nativeBinding.ApplicationInfo
 module.exports.ApplicationListChangedSubscriber = nativeBinding.ApplicationListChangedSubscriber
 module.exports.ApplicationStateChangedSubscriber = nativeBinding.ApplicationStateChangedSubscriber
 module.exports.AudioCaptureSession = nativeBinding.AudioCaptureSession
 module.exports.DocStorage = nativeBinding.DocStorage
 module.exports.DocStoragePool = nativeBinding.DocStoragePool
 module.exports.RecordingPermissions = nativeBinding.RecordingPermissions
 module.exports.ShareableContent = nativeBinding.ShareableContent
 module.exports.SqliteConnection = nativeBinding.SqliteConnection
 module.exports.TappableApplication = nativeBinding.TappableApplication
 module.exports.decodeAudio = nativeBinding.decodeAudio
 module.exports.decodeAudioSync = nativeBinding.decodeAudioSync
 module.exports.mintChallengeResponse = nativeBinding.mintChallengeResponse
 module.exports.ValidationResult = nativeBinding.ValidationResult
 module.exports.verifyChallengeResponse = nativeBinding.verifyChallengeResponse
 module.exports.DocStorage = nativeBinding.DocStorage
 module.exports.DocStoragePool = nativeBinding.DocStoragePool
 module.exports.SqliteConnection = nativeBinding.SqliteConnection
 module.exports.ValidationResult = nativeBinding.ValidationResult
--- a/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/Cargo.toml
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/Cargo.toml
@ -11,11 +11,11 @@ harness = false
 name    = "mix_audio_samples"
 [dependencies]
-napi            = { workspace = true, features = ["napi4"] }
+napi        = { workspace = true, features = ["napi4"] }
-napi-derive     = { workspace = true, features = ["type-def"] }
+napi-derive = { workspace = true, features = ["type-def"] }
-rubato          = { workspace = true }
+rubato      = { workspace = true }
-symphonia       = { workspace = true, features = ["all", "opt-simd"] }
+symphonia   = { workspace = true, features = ["all", "opt-simd"] }
-thiserror       = { workspace = true }
+thiserror   = { workspace = true }
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "macos")'.dependencies]
 block2           = { workspace = true }
@ -28,6 +28,12 @@ objc2-foundation = { workspace = true }
 screencapturekit = { workspace = true }
 uuid             = { workspace = true, features = ["v4"] }
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "windows")'.dependencies]
 cpal              = { workspace = true }
 crossbeam-channel = { workspace = true }
 windows           = { workspace = true }
 windows-core      = { workspace = true }
 [dev-dependencies]
 criterion2 = { workspace = true }
--- a/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/lib.rs
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/lib.rs
@ -2,4 +2,10 @@
 pub mod macos;
 #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
 pub(crate) use macos::*;
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 pub mod windows;
 #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 pub use windows::*;
 pub mod audio_decoder;
--- a/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/macos/screen_capture_kit.rs
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/macos/screen_capture_kit.rs
@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ use coreaudio::sys::{
 };
 use libc;
 use napi::{
-  bindgen_prelude::{Buffer, Error, Float32Array, Result, Status},
+  bindgen_prelude::{Buffer, Error, Result, Status},
  threadsafe_function::{ThreadsafeFunction, ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode},
 };
 use napi_derive::napi;
@ -90,59 +90,22 @@ static NSRUNNING_APPLICATION_CLASS: LazyLock<Option<&'static AnyClass>> =
  LazyLock::new(|| AnyClass::get(c"NSRunningApplication"));
 #[napi]
-pub struct Application {
+#[derive(Clone)]
-  pub(crate) process_id: i32,
+pub struct ApplicationInfo {
-  pub(crate) name: String,
+  pub process_id: i32,
  pub name: String,
  pub object_id: u32,
 }
 #[napi]
-impl Application {
+impl ApplicationInfo {
  #[napi(constructor)]
-  pub fn new(process_id: i32) -> Result<Self> {
+  pub fn new(process_id: i32, name: String, object_id: u32) -> Self {
-    // Default values for when we can't get information
+    Self {
    let mut app = Self {
      process_id,
-      name: String::new(),
+      name,
-    };
+      object_id,
    // Try to populate fields using NSRunningApplication
    if process_id > 0 {
      // Get NSRunningApplication class
      if let Some(running_app_class) = NSRUNNING_APPLICATION_CLASS.as_ref() {
        // Get running application with PID
        let running_app: *mut AnyObject = unsafe {
          msg_send![
            *running_app_class,
            runningApplicationWithProcessIdentifier: process_id
          ]
        };
        if !running_app.is_null() {
          // Get name
          unsafe {
            let name_ptr: *mut NSString = msg_send![running_app, localizedName];
            if !name_ptr.is_null() {
              let length: usize = msg_send![name_ptr, length];
              let utf8_ptr: *const u8 = msg_send![name_ptr, UTF8String];
              if !utf8_ptr.is_null() {
                let bytes = std::slice::from_raw_parts(utf8_ptr, length);
                if let Ok(s) = std::str::from_utf8(bytes) {
                  app.name = s.to_string();
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    Ok(app)
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn process_id(&self) -> i32 {
    self.process_id
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
@ -191,12 +154,18 @@ impl Application {
      }
    }
-    String::new()
+    // If not available, try to get from the audio process property
-  }
+    if self.object_id > 0 {
      if let Ok(bundle_id) =
        get_process_property::<CFStringRef>(&self.object_id, kAudioProcessPropertyBundleID)
      {
        // Safely convert CFStringRef to Rust String
        let cf_string = unsafe { CFString::wrap_under_get_rule(bundle_id) };
        return cf_string.to_string();
      }
    }
-  #[napi(getter)]
+    String::new()
  pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
    &self.name
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
@ -341,114 +310,6 @@ impl Application {
  }
 }
 #[napi]
 pub struct TappableApplication {
  pub(crate) app: Application,
  pub(crate) object_id: AudioObjectID,
 }
 #[napi]
 impl TappableApplication {
  #[napi(constructor)]
  pub fn new(object_id: AudioObjectID) -> Result<Self> {
    // Get process ID from object_id
    let process_id = get_process_property(&object_id, kAudioProcessPropertyPID).unwrap_or(-1);
    // Create base Application
    let app = Application::new(process_id)?;
    Ok(Self { app, object_id })
  }
  #[napi(factory)]
  pub fn from_application(app: &Application, object_id: AudioObjectID) -> Self {
    Self {
      app: Application {
        process_id: app.process_id,
        name: app.name.clone(),
      },
      object_id,
    }
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn process_id(&self) -> i32 {
    self.app.process_id
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn process_group_id(&self) -> i32 {
    self.app.process_group_id()
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn bundle_identifier(&self) -> String {
    // First try to get from the Application
    let app_bundle_id = self.app.bundle_identifier();
    if !app_bundle_id.is_empty() {
      return app_bundle_id;
    }
    // If not available, try to get from the audio process property
    match get_process_property::<CFStringRef>(&self.object_id, kAudioProcessPropertyBundleID) {
      Ok(bundle_id) => {
        // Safely convert CFStringRef to Rust String
        let cf_string = unsafe { CFString::wrap_under_create_rule(bundle_id) };
        cf_string.to_string()
      }
      Err(_) => {
        // Return empty string if we couldn't get the bundle ID
        String::new()
      }
    }
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn name(&self) -> String {
    self.app.name.clone()
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn object_id(&self) -> u32 {
    self.object_id
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn icon(&self) -> Result<Buffer> {
    self.app.icon()
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn get_is_running(&self) -> Result<bool> {
    // Use catch_unwind to prevent any panics
    let result = std::panic::catch_unwind(|| {
      match get_process_property(&self.object_id, kAudioProcessPropertyIsRunningInput) {
        Ok(is_running) => Ok(is_running),
        Err(_) => Ok(false),
      }
    });
    // Handle any panics
    match result {
      Ok(result) => result,
      Err(_) => Ok(false),
    }
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn tap_audio(
    &self,
    audio_stream_callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<Float32Array, (), Float32Array, true>>,
  ) -> Result<AudioCaptureSession> {
    // Use AggregateDeviceManager instead of AggregateDevice directly
    // This provides automatic default device change detection
    let mut device_manager = AggregateDeviceManager::new(self)?;
    device_manager.start_capture(audio_stream_callback)?;
    let boxed_manager = Box::new(device_manager);
    Ok(AudioCaptureSession::new(boxed_manager))
  }
 }
 #[napi]
 pub struct ApplicationListChangedSubscriber {
  listener_block: RcBlock<dyn Fn(u32, *mut c_void)>,
@ -538,19 +399,14 @@ pub struct ShareableContent {
  _inner: SCShareableContent,
 }
 #[napi]
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct RecordingPermissions {
  pub audio: bool,
  pub screen: bool,
 }
 #[napi]
 impl ShareableContent {
  #[napi]
  pub fn on_application_list_changed(
-    callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>>,
+    callback: ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>,
  ) -> Result<ApplicationListChangedSubscriber> {
    let callback_arc = Arc::new(callback);
    let callback_clone = callback_arc.clone();
    let callback_block: RcBlock<dyn Fn(u32, *mut c_void)> =
      RcBlock::new(move |_in_number_addresses, _in_addresses: *mut c_void| {
        if let Err(err) = RUNNING_APPLICATIONS
@ -565,9 +421,9 @@ impl ShareableContent {
            *running_applications = audio_process_list();
          })
        {
-          callback.call(Err(err), ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking);
+          callback_clone.call(Err(err), ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking);
        } else {
-          callback.call(Ok(()), ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking);
+          callback_clone.call(Ok(()), ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking);
        }
      });
@ -598,11 +454,12 @@ impl ShareableContent {
  #[napi]
  pub fn on_app_state_changed(
-    app: &TappableApplication,
+    app: &ApplicationInfo,
-    callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>>,
+    callback: ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>,
  ) -> Result<ApplicationStateChangedSubscriber> {
    let id = Uuid::new_v4();
    let object_id = app.object_id;
    let callback_arc = Arc::new(callback);
    let mut lock = APPLICATION_STATE_CHANGED_SUBSCRIBERS.write().map_err(|_| {
      Error::new(
@ -612,7 +469,7 @@ impl ShareableContent {
    })?;
    if let Some(subscribers) = lock.get_mut(&object_id) {
-      subscribers.insert(id, callback);
+      subscribers.insert(id, callback_arc.clone());
    } else {
      let list_change: RcBlock<dyn Fn(u32, *mut c_void)> =
        RcBlock::new(move |in_number_addresses, in_addresses: *mut c_void| {
@ -659,7 +516,7 @@ impl ShareableContent {
      }
      let subscribers = {
        let mut map = HashMap::new();
-        map.insert(id, callback);
+        map.insert(id, callback_arc.clone());
        map
      };
      lock.insert(object_id, subscribers);
@ -675,7 +532,7 @@ impl ShareableContent {
  }
  #[napi]
-  pub fn applications(&self) -> Result<Vec<TappableApplication>> {
+  pub fn applications() -> Result<Vec<ApplicationInfo>> {
    let app_list = RUNNING_APPLICATIONS
      .read()
      .map_err(|_| {
@ -687,13 +544,44 @@ impl ShareableContent {
      .iter()
      .flatten()
      .filter_map(|id| {
-        let tappable_app = match TappableApplication::new(*id) {
+        // Get process ID from object_id
-          Ok(app) => app,
+        let process_id = get_process_property(id, kAudioProcessPropertyPID).unwrap_or(-1);
          Err(_) => return None,
        };
-        if !tappable_app.bundle_identifier().is_empty() {
+        if process_id <= 0 {
-          Some(tappable_app)
+          return None;
        }
        // Get application name using NSRunningApplication
        let mut name = String::new();
        if let Some(running_app_class) = NSRUNNING_APPLICATION_CLASS.as_ref() {
          let running_app: *mut AnyObject = unsafe {
            msg_send![
              *running_app_class,
              runningApplicationWithProcessIdentifier: process_id
            ]
          };
          if !running_app.is_null() {
            unsafe {
              let name_ptr: *mut NSString = msg_send![running_app, localizedName];
              if !name_ptr.is_null() {
                let length: usize = msg_send![name_ptr, length];
                let utf8_ptr: *const u8 = msg_send![name_ptr, UTF8String];
                if !utf8_ptr.is_null() {
                  let bytes = std::slice::from_raw_parts(utf8_ptr, length);
                  if let Ok(s) = std::str::from_utf8(bytes) {
                    name = s.to_string();
                  }
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }
        let app = ApplicationInfo::new(process_id, name, *id);
        if !app.bundle_identifier().is_empty() {
          Some(app)
        } else {
          None
        }
@ -704,7 +592,13 @@ impl ShareableContent {
  }
  #[napi]
-  pub fn application_with_process_id(&self, process_id: u32) -> Option<Application> {
+  pub fn application_with_process_id(process_id: u32) -> Option<ApplicationInfo> {
    // check if the process is tappable
    let tappable = ShareableContent::tappable_application_with_process_id(process_id);
    if let Some(tappable) = tappable {
      return Some(tappable);
    }
    // Get NSRunningApplication class
    let running_app_class = NSRUNNING_APPLICATION_CLASS.as_ref()?;
@ -720,40 +614,107 @@ impl ShareableContent {
      return None;
    }
-    // Create an Application directly
+    // Get application name
-    Application::new(process_id as i32).ok()
+    let mut name = String::new();
    unsafe {
      let name_ptr: *mut NSString = msg_send![running_app, localizedName];
      if !name_ptr.is_null() {
        let length: usize = msg_send![name_ptr, length];
        let utf8_ptr: *const u8 = msg_send![name_ptr, UTF8String];
        if !utf8_ptr.is_null() {
          let bytes = std::slice::from_raw_parts(utf8_ptr, length);
          if let Ok(s) = std::str::from_utf8(bytes) {
            name = s.to_string();
          }
        }
      }
    }
    // Create an ApplicationInfo with the proper name and object_id 0 (since we
    // don't have audio object_id from process_id alone)
    Some(ApplicationInfo::new(process_id as i32, name, 0))
  }
-  #[napi]
+  pub fn tappable_application_with_process_id(process_id: u32) -> Option<ApplicationInfo> {
  pub fn tappable_application_with_process_id(
    &self,
    process_id: u32,
  ) -> Option<TappableApplication> {
    // Find the TappableApplication with this process ID in the list of running
    // applications
-    match self.applications() {
+    match ShareableContent::applications() {
      Ok(apps) => {
        for app in apps {
-          if app.process_id() == process_id as i32 {
+          if app.process_id == process_id as i32 {
            return Some(app);
          }
        }
-
+        None
        // If we couldn't find a TappableApplication with this process ID, create a new
        // one with a default object_id of 0 (which won't be able to tap audio)
        match Application::new(process_id as i32) {
          Ok(app) => Some(TappableApplication::from_application(&app, 0)),
          Err(_) => None,
        }
      }
      Err(_) => None,
    }
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn is_using_microphone(process_id: u32) -> Result<bool> {
    if process_id == 0 {
      return Ok(false);
    }
    // Find the audio object ID for this process
    if let Ok(app_list) = RUNNING_APPLICATIONS.read() {
      if let Ok(app_list) = app_list.as_ref() {
        for object_id in app_list {
          let pid = get_process_property(object_id, kAudioProcessPropertyPID).unwrap_or(-1);
          if pid == process_id as i32 {
            // Check if the process is actively using input (microphone)
            match get_process_property(object_id, kAudioProcessPropertyIsRunningInput) {
              Ok(is_running) => return Ok(is_running),
              Err(_) => continue,
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    Ok(false)
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn tap_audio(
    process_id: u32,
    audio_stream_callback: ThreadsafeFunction<napi::bindgen_prelude::Float32Array, ()>,
  ) -> Result<AudioCaptureSession> {
    let app = ShareableContent::applications()?
      .into_iter()
      .find(|app| app.process_id == process_id as i32);
    if let Some(app) = app {
      if app.object_id == 0 {
        return Err(Error::new(
          Status::GenericFailure,
          "Cannot tap audio: invalid object_id",
        ));
      }
      // Convert ThreadsafeFunction to Arc<ThreadsafeFunction>
      let callback_arc = Arc::new(audio_stream_callback);
      // Use AggregateDeviceManager instead of AggregateDevice directly
      // This provides automatic default device change detection
      let mut device_manager = AggregateDeviceManager::new(&app)?;
      device_manager.start_capture(callback_arc)?;
      let boxed_manager = Box::new(device_manager);
      Ok(AudioCaptureSession::new(boxed_manager))
    } else {
      Err(Error::new(
        Status::GenericFailure,
        "Application not found or not available for audio tapping",
      ))
    }
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn tap_global_audio(
-    excluded_processes: Option<Vec<&TappableApplication>>,
+    excluded_processes: Option<Vec<&ApplicationInfo>>,
-    audio_stream_callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<Float32Array, (), Float32Array, true>>,
+    audio_stream_callback: ThreadsafeFunction<napi::bindgen_prelude::Float32Array, ()>,
  ) -> Result<AudioCaptureSession> {
    let excluded_object_ids = excluded_processes
      .unwrap_or_default()
@ -761,9 +722,12 @@ impl ShareableContent {
      .map(|app| app.object_id)
      .collect::<Vec<_>>();
    // Convert ThreadsafeFunction to Arc<ThreadsafeFunction>
    let callback_arc = Arc::new(audio_stream_callback);
    // Use the new AggregateDeviceManager for automatic device adaptation
    let mut device_manager = AggregateDeviceManager::new_global(&excluded_object_ids)?;
-    device_manager.start_capture(audio_stream_callback)?;
+    device_manager.start_capture(callback_arc)?;
    let boxed_manager = Box::new(device_manager);
    Ok(AudioCaptureSession::new(boxed_manager))
  }
--- a/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/macos/tap_audio.rs
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/macos/tap_audio.rs
@ -24,9 +24,8 @@ use coreaudio::sys::{
  AudioObjectRemovePropertyListenerBlock, AudioTimeStamp, OSStatus,
 };
 use napi::{
-  bindgen_prelude::Float32Array,
+  bindgen_prelude::{Float32Array, Result, Status},
  threadsafe_function::{ThreadsafeFunction, ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode},
  Result,
 };
 use napi_derive::napi;
 use objc2::runtime::AnyObject;
@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ use crate::{
  device::get_device_uid,
  error::CoreAudioError,
  queue::create_audio_tap_queue,
-  screen_capture_kit::TappableApplication,
+  screen_capture_kit::ApplicationInfo,
  utils::{cfstring_from_bytes_with_nul, get_global_main_property},
 };
@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ pub struct AggregateDevice {
 }
 impl AggregateDevice {
-  pub fn new(app: &TappableApplication) -> Result<Self> {
+  pub fn new(app: &ApplicationInfo) -> Result<Self> {
    let object_id = app.object_id;
    let tap_description = CATapDescription::init_stereo_mixdown_of_processes(object_id)?;
@ -242,7 +241,7 @@ impl AggregateDevice {
  /// Implementation for the AggregateDevice to start processing audio
  pub fn start(
    &mut self,
-    audio_stream_callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<Float32Array, (), Float32Array, true>>,
+    audio_stream_callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<Float32Array, (), Float32Array, Status, true>>,
    // Add original_audio_stats to ensure consistent target rate
    original_audio_stats: AudioStats,
  ) -> Result<AudioTapStream> {
@ -598,13 +597,13 @@ pub struct AggregateDeviceManager {
  app_id: Option<AudioObjectID>,
  excluded_processes: Vec<AudioObjectID>,
  active_stream: Option<Arc<std::sync::Mutex<Option<AudioTapStream>>>>,
-  audio_callback: Option<Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<Float32Array, (), Float32Array, true>>>,
+  audio_callback: Option<Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<Float32Array, (), Float32Array, Status, true>>>,
  original_audio_stats: Option<AudioStats>,
 }
 impl AggregateDeviceManager {
  /// Creates a new AggregateDeviceManager for a specific application
-  pub fn new(app: &TappableApplication) -> Result<Self> {
+  pub fn new(app: &ApplicationInfo) -> Result<Self> {
    let device = AggregateDevice::new(app)?;
    Ok(Self {
@ -638,7 +637,7 @@ impl AggregateDeviceManager {
  /// This sets up the initial stream and listeners.
  pub fn start_capture(
    &mut self,
-    audio_stream_callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<Float32Array, (), Float32Array, true>>,
+    audio_stream_callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<Float32Array, (), Float32Array, Status, true>>,
  ) -> Result<()> {
    // Store the callback for potential device switch later
    self.audio_callback = Some(audio_stream_callback.clone());
@ -717,10 +716,12 @@ impl AggregateDeviceManager {
        };
        // Create a new device with updated default devices
-        let result: Result<AggregateDevice> = (|| {
+        let result: Result<AggregateDevice> = {
          if is_app_specific {
            if let Some(id) = app_id {
-              let app = TappableApplication::new(id)?;
+              // For device change listener, we need to create a minimal ApplicationInfo
              // We don't have the name here, so we'll use an empty string
              let app = ApplicationInfo::new(id as i32, String::new(), id);
              AggregateDevice::new(&app)
            } else {
              Err(CoreAudioError::CreateProcessTapFailed(0).into())
@ -728,7 +729,7 @@ impl AggregateDeviceManager {
          } else {
            AggregateDevice::create_global_tap_but_exclude_processes(&excluded_processes)
          }
-        })();
+        };
        // If we successfully created a new device, stop the old stream and start a new
        // one
--- a/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/README.md
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/README.md
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
 # Windows Audio Recording
 This module provides Windows-specific audio recording functionality using the Windows Audio Session API (WASAPI).
 ## Features
 - **Microphone Activity Detection**: Monitor when applications are using the microphone
 - **Process Identification**: Identify which process is using the microphone
 - **Real-time Notifications**: Get callbacks when microphone usage starts/stops
 ## Usage
 ### MicrophoneListener
 The `MicrophoneListener` class provides real-time monitoring of microphone usage:
 ```typescript
 import { MicrophoneListener } from '@affine/native';
 const listener = new MicrophoneListener((isRunning: boolean, processName: string) => {
  console.log(`Microphone ${isRunning ? 'started' : 'stopped'} by ${processName}`);
 });
 // Check current status
 console.log('Is microphone currently active:', listener.is_running());
 ```
 ### Callback Parameters
 The callback receives two parameters:
 - `isRunning: boolean` - Whether the microphone is currently active
 - `processName: string` - Name of the process using the microphone
 ## Implementation Details
 ### Audio Session Monitoring
 The implementation uses Windows Audio Session API to:
 1. **Enumerate Audio Sessions**: Get all active audio sessions
 2. **Monitor Session State**: Track when sessions become active/inactive
 3. **Process Identification**: Map audio sessions to process names
 4. **Event Handling**: Provide real-time notifications
 ### COM Initialization
 The module automatically initializes COM (Component Object Model) with `COINIT_MULTITHREADED` for proper Windows API interaction.
 ### Error Handling
 All Windows API errors are wrapped in `WindowsAudioError` enum and converted to NAPI errors for JavaScript consumption.
 ## Cross-Platform Compatibility
 This Windows implementation maintains API compatibility with the macOS version, providing the same JavaScript interface while using Windows-specific APIs underneath.
 ## Platform Requirements
 - Windows 10 or later
 - Microphone access permissions
 - Audio devices available
 ## Dependencies
 - `windows` crate v0.61 with Audio and Process features
 - `windows-core` crate v0.61
 - `napi` and `napi-derive` for JavaScript bindings
 ## Technical Notes
 ### Thread Safety
 The implementation uses thread-safe callbacks to JavaScript with `ThreadsafeFunction<(bool, String), ()>` to ensure proper communication between the Windows audio session monitoring thread and the JavaScript runtime.
 ### Process Name Resolution
 Process names are resolved using Windows APIs:
 - `GetModuleFileNameExW` for full executable path
 - `GetProcessImageFileNameW` as fallback
 - Automatic extraction of filename from full path
 ### Session Filtering
 The implementation automatically filters out system audio sessions (like `AudioSrv`) to focus on user applications.
--- a/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/audio_capture.rs
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/audio_capture.rs
@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
 use std::{
  cell::RefCell,
  collections::HashMap,
  sync::{
    atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
    Arc,
  },
  thread::JoinHandle,
 };
 use cpal::{
  traits::{DeviceTrait, HostTrait, StreamTrait},
  SampleRate,
 };
 use crossbeam_channel::unbounded;
 use napi::{
  bindgen_prelude::{Float32Array, Result},
  threadsafe_function::{ThreadsafeFunction, ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode},
  Error, Status,
 };
 use napi_derive::napi;
 use rubato::{FastFixedIn, PolynomialDegree, Resampler};
 const RESAMPLER_INPUT_CHUNK: usize = 1024; // samples per channel
 const TARGET_FRAME_SIZE: usize = 1024; // frame size returned to JS (in mono samples)
 struct BufferedResampler {
  resampler: FastFixedIn<f32>,
  channels: usize,
  fifo: Vec<Vec<f32>>,            // per-channel queue
  initial_output_discarded: bool, // Flag to discard first output block (warm-up)
 }
 impl BufferedResampler {
  fn new(from_sr: f64, to_sr: f64, channels: usize) -> Self {
    let ratio = to_sr / from_sr;
    let resampler = FastFixedIn::<f32>::new(
      ratio,
      1.0,                      // max_resample_ratio_relative (>= 1.0, fixed ratio)
      PolynomialDegree::Linear, // balance quality/perf
      RESAMPLER_INPUT_CHUNK,
      channels,
    )
    .expect("Failed to create FastFixedIn resampler");
    Self {
      resampler,
      channels,
      fifo: vec![Vec::<f32>::new(); channels],
      initial_output_discarded: false,
    }
  }
  // Feed planar samples; returns interleaved output (may be empty)
  fn feed(&mut self, planar_in: &[Vec<f32>]) -> Vec<f32> {
    // Push incoming samples into fifo buffers
    for (ch, data) in planar_in.iter().enumerate() {
      if ch < self.fifo.len() {
        self.fifo[ch].extend_from_slice(data);
      }
    }
    let mut interleaved_out = Vec::new();
    while self.fifo[0].len() >= RESAMPLER_INPUT_CHUNK {
      // Take exactly RESAMPLER_INPUT_CHUNK per channel
      let mut chunk: Vec<Vec<f32>> = Vec::with_capacity(self.channels);
      for ch in 0..self.channels {
        let tail: Vec<f32> = self.fifo[ch].drain(..RESAMPLER_INPUT_CHUNK).collect();
        chunk.push(tail);
      }
      if let Ok(out_blocks) = self.resampler.process(&chunk, None) {
        if !out_blocks.is_empty() && out_blocks.len() == self.channels {
          if !self.initial_output_discarded {
            self.initial_output_discarded = true;
          } else {
            let out_len = out_blocks[0].len();
            for i in 0..out_len {
              for ch in 0..self.channels {
                interleaved_out.push(out_blocks[ch][i]);
              }
            }
          }
        }
      }
    }
    interleaved_out
  }
 }
 // Thread-local cache for resamplers keyed by (from, to, channels)
 thread_local! {
    static RESAMPLER_CACHE: RefCell<HashMap<(u32, u32, usize), BufferedResampler>> = RefCell::new(HashMap::new());
 }
 fn process_audio_with_resampler(
  samples: Vec<f32>,
  from_sample_rate: u32,
  to_sample_rate: u32,
 ) -> Vec<f32> {
  if from_sample_rate == to_sample_rate {
    return samples;
  }
  RESAMPLER_CACHE.with(|cache| {
    let mut map = cache.borrow_mut();
    let key = (from_sample_rate, to_sample_rate, 1usize); // mono resampler
    let resampler = map
      .entry(key)
      .or_insert_with(|| BufferedResampler::new(from_sample_rate as f64, to_sample_rate as f64, 1));
    resampler.feed(&[samples])
  })
 }
 fn to_mono(frame: &[f32]) -> f32 {
  if frame.is_empty() {
    return 0.0;
  }
  let sum: f32 = frame.iter().filter(|s| s.is_finite()).copied().sum();
  let mono = if frame.len() == 1 {
    sum // already mono, no reduction needed
  } else {
    // For multi-channel, take the sum but don't divide by channel count
    // This preserves more energy while still avoiding simple doubling
    sum * 0.7 // slight reduction to prevent clipping, but preserve energy
  };
  mono.clamp(-1.0, 1.0)
 }
 fn mix(a: &[f32], b: &[f32]) -> Vec<f32> {
  let min_len = a.len().min(b.len());
  if min_len == 0 {
    return Vec::new();
  }
  const MIC_GAIN: f32 = 3.0; // Higher gain for microphone input
  const LOOPBACK_GAIN: f32 = 1.5; // Moderate gain for loopback
  const OVERALL_GAIN: f32 = 1.2; // Final boost
  a.iter()
    .take(min_len)
    .zip(b.iter().take(min_len))
    .map(|(x, y)| {
      let x_clean = if x.is_finite() { *x } else { 0.0 };
      let y_clean = if y.is_finite() { *y } else { 0.0 };
      // Apply individual gains to mic (x) and loopback (y), then mix
      let mic_boosted = x_clean * MIC_GAIN;
      let loopback_boosted = y_clean * LOOPBACK_GAIN;
      let mixed = (mic_boosted + loopback_boosted) * OVERALL_GAIN;
      // Soft limiting using tanh for more natural sound than hard clipping
      if mixed.abs() > 1.0 {
        mixed.signum() * (1.0 - (-mixed.abs()).exp())
      } else {
        mixed
      }
    })
    .collect()
 }
 struct AudioBuffer {
  data: Vec<f32>,
 }
 #[napi]
 pub struct AudioCaptureSession {
  mic_stream: cpal::Stream,
  lb_stream: cpal::Stream,
  stopped: Arc<AtomicBool>,
  sample_rate: SampleRate,
  channels: u32,
  jh: Option<JoinHandle<()>>, // background mixing thread
 }
 #[napi]
 impl AudioCaptureSession {
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn get_sample_rate(&self) -> f64 {
    self.sample_rate.0 as f64
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn get_channels(&self) -> u32 {
    self.channels
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn get_actual_sample_rate(&self) -> f64 {
    // For CPAL we always operate at the target rate which is sample_rate
    self.sample_rate.0 as f64
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn stop(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
    if self.stopped.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
      return Ok(());
    }
    self
      .mic_stream
      .pause()
      .map_err(|e| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, format!("{e}")))?;
    self
      .lb_stream
      .pause()
      .map_err(|e| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, format!("{e}")))?;
    self.stopped.store(true, Ordering::SeqCst);
    if let Some(jh) = self.jh.take() {
      let _ = jh.join(); // ignore poison
    }
    Ok(())
  }
 }
 impl Drop for AudioCaptureSession {
  fn drop(&mut self) {
    let _ = self.stop(); // Ensure cleanup even if JS forgets to call stop()
  }
 }
 pub fn start_recording(
  audio_buffer_callback: ThreadsafeFunction<Float32Array, ()>,
 ) -> Result<AudioCaptureSession> {
  let available_hosts = cpal::available_hosts();
  let host_id = available_hosts
    .first()
    .ok_or_else(|| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, "No CPAL hosts available"))?;
  let host =
    cpal::host_from_id(*host_id).map_err(|e| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, format!("{e}")))?;
  let mic = host
    .default_input_device()
    .ok_or_else(|| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, "No default input device"))?;
  let loopback_device = host
    .default_output_device()
    .ok_or_else(|| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, "No default output/loopback device"))?;
  let mic_config = mic
    .default_input_config()
    .map_err(|e| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, format!("{e}")))?;
  let lb_config = loopback_device
    .default_output_config()
    .map_err(|e| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, format!("{e}")))?;
  let mic_sample_rate = mic_config.sample_rate();
  let lb_sample_rate = lb_config.sample_rate();
  let target_rate = SampleRate(mic_sample_rate.min(lb_sample_rate).0);
  let mic_channels = mic_config.channels();
  let lb_channels = lb_config.channels();
  // Convert supported configs to concrete StreamConfigs
  let mic_stream_config: cpal::StreamConfig = mic_config.clone().into();
  let lb_stream_config: cpal::StreamConfig = lb_config.clone().into();
  let stopped = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
  // Channels for passing raw buffers between callback and mixer thread
  let (tx_mic, rx_mic) = unbounded::<AudioBuffer>();
  let (tx_lb, rx_lb) = unbounded::<AudioBuffer>();
  // Build microphone input stream
  let mic_stream = mic
    .build_input_stream(
      &mic_stream_config,
      move |data: &[f32], _| {
        let _ = tx_mic.send(AudioBuffer {
          data: data.to_vec(),
        });
      },
      |err| eprintln!("CPAL mic stream error: {err}"),
      None,
    )
    .map_err(|e| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, format!("build_input_stream: {e}")))?;
  // Build loopback stream by creating input stream on output device (WASAPI
  // supports this)
  let lb_stream = loopback_device
    .build_input_stream(
      &lb_stream_config,
      move |data: &[f32], _| {
        let _ = tx_lb.send(AudioBuffer {
          data: data.to_vec(),
        });
      },
      |err| eprintln!("CPAL loopback stream error: {err}"),
      None,
    )
    .map_err(|e| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, format!("build_lb_stream: {e}")))?;
  let stopped_flag = stopped.clone();
  let jh = std::thread::spawn(move || {
    // Accumulators before and after resampling
    let mut pre_mic: Vec<f32> = Vec::new();
    let mut pre_lb: Vec<f32> = Vec::new();
    let mut post_mic: Vec<f32> = Vec::new();
    let mut post_lb: Vec<f32> = Vec::new();
    while !stopped_flag.load(Ordering::SeqCst) {
      // Gather input from channels
      while let Ok(buf) = rx_mic.try_recv() {
        let mono_samples: Vec<f32> = if mic_channels == 1 {
          buf.data
        } else {
          buf
            .data
            .chunks(mic_channels as usize)
            .map(to_mono)
            .collect()
        };
        pre_mic.extend_from_slice(&mono_samples);
      }
      while let Ok(buf) = rx_lb.try_recv() {
        let mono_samples: Vec<f32> = if lb_channels == 1 {
          buf.data
        } else {
          buf.data.chunks(lb_channels as usize).map(to_mono).collect()
        };
        pre_lb.extend_from_slice(&mono_samples);
      }
      // Resample when enough samples are available
      while pre_mic.len() >= RESAMPLER_INPUT_CHUNK {
        let to_resample: Vec<f32> = pre_mic.drain(..RESAMPLER_INPUT_CHUNK).collect();
        let processed = process_audio_with_resampler(to_resample, mic_sample_rate.0, target_rate.0);
        if !processed.is_empty() {
          post_mic.extend_from_slice(&processed);
        }
      }
      while pre_lb.len() >= RESAMPLER_INPUT_CHUNK {
        let to_resample: Vec<f32> = pre_lb.drain(..RESAMPLER_INPUT_CHUNK).collect();
        let processed = process_audio_with_resampler(to_resample, lb_sample_rate.0, target_rate.0);
        if !processed.is_empty() {
          post_lb.extend_from_slice(&processed);
        }
      }
      // Mix when we have TARGET_FRAME_SIZE samples available from both
      while post_mic.len() >= TARGET_FRAME_SIZE && post_lb.len() >= TARGET_FRAME_SIZE {
        let mic_chunk: Vec<f32> = post_mic.drain(..TARGET_FRAME_SIZE).collect();
        let lb_chunk: Vec<f32> = post_lb.drain(..TARGET_FRAME_SIZE).collect();
        let mixed = mix(&mic_chunk, &lb_chunk);
        if !mixed.is_empty() {
          let _ = audio_buffer_callback.call(
            Ok(mixed.clone().into()),
            ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking,
          );
        }
      }
      // Prevent unbounded growth – keep some slack
      const MAX_PRE: usize = RESAMPLER_INPUT_CHUNK * 10;
      if pre_mic.len() > MAX_PRE {
        pre_mic.drain(..pre_mic.len() - MAX_PRE);
      }
      if pre_lb.len() > MAX_PRE {
        pre_lb.drain(..pre_lb.len() - MAX_PRE);
      }
      const MAX_POST: usize = TARGET_FRAME_SIZE * 10;
      if post_mic.len() > MAX_POST {
        post_mic.drain(..post_mic.len() - MAX_POST);
      }
      if post_lb.len() > MAX_POST {
        post_lb.drain(..post_lb.len() - MAX_POST);
      }
      // Sleep if nothing to do
      if rx_mic.is_empty()
        && rx_lb.is_empty()
        && post_mic.len() < TARGET_FRAME_SIZE
        && post_lb.len() < TARGET_FRAME_SIZE
      {
        std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(1));
      }
    }
  });
  mic_stream
    .play()
    .map_err(|e| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, format!("{e}")))?;
  lb_stream
    .play()
    .map_err(|e| Error::new(Status::GenericFailure, format!("{e}")))?;
  Ok(AudioCaptureSession {
    mic_stream,
    lb_stream,
    stopped,
    sample_rate: target_rate,
    channels: 1, // mono output
    jh: Some(jh),
  })
 }
--- a/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/error.rs
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/error.rs
@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
 use thiserror::Error;
 #[derive(Error, Debug)]
 pub enum WindowsAudioError {
  #[error("Failed to initialize COM: {0}")]
  ComInitializationFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to create device enumerator: {0}")]
  DeviceEnumeratorCreationFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to get default audio endpoint: {0}")]
  DefaultAudioEndpointFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to activate audio session manager: {0}")]
  AudioSessionManagerActivationFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to register session notification: {0}")]
  SessionNotificationRegistrationFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to get session enumerator: {0}")]
  SessionEnumeratorFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to get session count: {0}")]
  SessionCountFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to get session: {0}")]
  GetSessionFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to get process ID: {0}")]
  ProcessIdFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to get session state: {0}")]
  SessionStateFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to register audio session notification: {0}")]
  AudioSessionNotificationFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to unregister audio session notification: {0}")]
  AudioSessionUnregisterFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to open process: {0}")]
  ProcessOpenFailed(String),
  #[error("Failed to get process name: {0}")]
  ProcessNameFailed(String),
 }
 impl From<WindowsAudioError> for napi::Error {
  fn from(value: WindowsAudioError) -> Self {
    napi::Error::new(napi::Status::GenericFailure, value.to_string())
  }
 }
--- a/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/microphone_listener.rs
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/microphone_listener.rs
@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
 use std::{
  ffi::OsString,
  os::windows::ffi::OsStringExt,
  process,
  sync::{
    atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering},
    Arc, Mutex,
  },
 };
 use napi::{
  threadsafe_function::{ThreadsafeFunction, ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode},
  Result,
 };
 use windows::{
  core::Interface,
  Win32::{
    Foundation::CloseHandle,
    Media::Audio::{
      eCapture, eCommunications, eConsole, AudioSessionState, AudioSessionStateActive,
      IAudioSessionControl, IAudioSessionControl2, IAudioSessionEnumerator, IAudioSessionEvents,
      IAudioSessionEvents_Impl, IAudioSessionManager2, IAudioSessionNotification,
      IAudioSessionNotification_Impl, IMMDevice, IMMDeviceCollection, IMMDeviceEnumerator,
      MMDeviceEnumerator, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE,
    },
    System::{
      Com::{CoCreateInstance, CoInitializeEx, CLSCTX_ALL, COINIT_MULTITHREADED},
      ProcessStatus::{GetModuleFileNameExW, GetProcessImageFileNameW},
      Threading::{OpenProcess, PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, PROCESS_VM_READ},
    },
  },
 };
 use windows_core::implement;
 pub struct AudioProcess {
  pub process_name: String,
  pub process_id: u32,
  pub device_id: String,
  pub device_name: String,
  pub is_running: bool,
 }
 pub struct AudioDevice {
  pub device_id: String,
  pub device_name: String,
  pub is_default_communications: bool,
  pub is_default_console: bool,
  pub has_active_sessions: bool,
 }
 // Simple struct for callback data - not a NAPI object
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct MicrophoneActivateCallback {
  pub is_running: bool,
  pub process_name: String,
  pub device_id: String,
  pub device_name: String,
 }
 #[implement(IAudioSessionEvents)]
 struct SessionEvents {
  process_name: String,
  device_id: String,
  device_name: String,
  callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(bool, String, String, String)>>,
  ctrl: IAudioSessionControl,
  events_ref: Arc<Mutex<Option<IAudioSessionEvents>>>,
  is_running: Arc<AtomicBool>,
  active_sessions: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
  session_is_active: AtomicBool,
 }
 impl IAudioSessionEvents_Impl for SessionEvents_Impl {
  fn OnChannelVolumeChanged(
    &self,
    _channelcount: u32,
    _newchannelvolumearray: *const f32,
    _changedchannel: u32,
    _eventcontext: *const windows_core::GUID,
  ) -> windows_core::Result<()> {
    Ok(())
  }
  fn OnDisplayNameChanged(
    &self,
    _newdisplayname: &windows_core::PCWSTR,
    _eventcontext: *const windows_core::GUID,
  ) -> windows_core::Result<()> {
    Ok(())
  }
  fn OnGroupingParamChanged(
    &self,
    _newgroupingparam: *const windows_core::GUID,
    _eventcontext: *const windows_core::GUID,
  ) -> windows_core::Result<()> {
    Ok(())
  }
  fn OnIconPathChanged(
    &self,
    _newiconpath: &windows_core::PCWSTR,
    _eventcontext: *const windows_core::GUID,
  ) -> windows_core::Result<()> {
    Ok(())
  }
  fn OnSessionDisconnected(
    &self,
    _disconnectreason: windows::Win32::Media::Audio::AudioSessionDisconnectReason,
  ) -> windows_core::Result<()> {
    if let Some(events) = self.events_ref.lock().unwrap().take() {
      unsafe { self.ctrl.UnregisterAudioSessionNotification(&events)? };
    }
    // If this session was active, decrement the global counter
    if self.session_is_active.swap(false, Ordering::SeqCst) {
      let prev = self.active_sessions.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
      if prev == 1 {
        // Last active session ended
        self.is_running.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
        // Notify JS side that recording has stopped
        self.callback.call(
          Ok((
            false,
            self.process_name.clone(),
            self.device_id.clone(),
            self.device_name.clone(),
          )),
          ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking,
        );
      }
    }
    Ok(())
  }
  fn OnSimpleVolumeChanged(
    &self,
    _newvolume: f32,
    _newmute: windows_core::BOOL,
    _eventcontext: *const windows_core::GUID,
  ) -> windows_core::Result<()> {
    Ok(())
  }
  fn OnStateChanged(&self, newstate: AudioSessionState) -> windows_core::Result<()> {
    // Determine the new recording state for this session
    let currently_recording = newstate == AudioSessionStateActive;
    // Atomically swap the flag tracking this particular session
    let previously_recording = self
      .session_is_active
      .swap(currently_recording, Ordering::SeqCst);
    // Update the global counter accordingly
    if !previously_recording && currently_recording {
      // Session started
      let prev = self.active_sessions.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
      if prev == 0 {
        // First active session across the whole system
        self.is_running.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
      }
    } else if previously_recording && !currently_recording {
      // Session stopped
      let prev = self.active_sessions.fetch_sub(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
      if prev == 1 {
        // Last active session just stopped
        self.is_running.store(false, Ordering::Relaxed);
      }
    }
    let overall_is_running = self.active_sessions.load(Ordering::SeqCst) > 0;
    // Notify JS side (non-blocking)
    self.callback.call(
      Ok((
        overall_is_running,
        self.process_name.clone(),
        self.device_id.clone(),
        self.device_name.clone(),
      )),
      ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking,
    );
    Ok(())
  }
 }
 #[implement(IAudioSessionNotification)]
 struct SessionNotifier {
  _mgr: IAudioSessionManager2, // keep mgr alive
  device_id: String,
  device_name: String,
  ctrl: Mutex<Option<(IAudioSessionControl2, IAudioSessionEvents)>>, /* keep the ctrl2 and
                                                                      * events alive */
  callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(bool, String, String, String)>>,
  is_running: Arc<AtomicBool>,       // Shared is_running flag
  active_sessions: Arc<AtomicUsize>, // Global counter of active sessions
 }
 impl SessionNotifier {
  fn new(
    mgr: &IAudioSessionManager2,
    device_id: String,
    device_name: String,
    callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(bool, String, String, String)>>,
    is_running: Arc<AtomicBool>,
    active_sessions: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
  ) -> Self {
    Self {
      _mgr: mgr.clone(),
      device_id,
      device_name,
      ctrl: Default::default(),
      callback,
      is_running,
      active_sessions,
    }
  }
  fn refresh_state(&self, ctrl: &IAudioSessionControl) -> windows_core::Result<()> {
    let ctrl2: IAudioSessionControl2 = ctrl.cast()?;
    let process_id = unsafe { ctrl2.GetProcessId()? };
    // Skip current process to avoid self-detection
    if process_id == process::id() {
      return Ok(());
    }
    let process_name = match get_process_name(process_id) {
      Some(n) => n,
      None => unsafe { ctrl2.GetDisplayName()?.to_string()? },
    };
    // Skip system-sounds session
    // The `IsSystemSoundsSession` always true for unknown reason
    if process_name.contains("AudioSrv") {
      return Ok(());
    }
    // Active ⇒ microphone is recording
    if unsafe { ctrl.GetState()? } == AudioSessionStateActive {
      let mut should_notify = false;
      if let Ok(mut optional_ctrl) = self.ctrl.lock() {
        // Increment the active session counter. If this was the first, flip is_running
        // to true.
        let prev = self.active_sessions.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
        if prev == 0 {
          self.is_running.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
        }
        let events_ref = Arc::new(Mutex::new(None));
        let events: IAudioSessionEvents = SessionEvents {
          callback: self.callback.clone(),
          process_name: process_name.clone(),
          device_id: self.device_id.clone(),
          device_name: self.device_name.clone(),
          events_ref: events_ref.clone(),
          ctrl: ctrl.clone(),
          is_running: self.is_running.clone(),
          active_sessions: self.active_sessions.clone(),
          session_is_active: AtomicBool::new(true),
        }
        .into();
        let mut events_mut_ref = events_ref.lock().unwrap();
        *events_mut_ref = Some(events.clone());
        unsafe { ctrl.RegisterAudioSessionNotification(&events)? };
        // keep the ctrl2 alive so that the notification can be called
        *optional_ctrl = Some((ctrl2, events));
        should_notify = true;
      }
      if should_notify {
        self.callback.call(
          Ok((
            true,
            process_name,
            self.device_id.clone(),
            self.device_name.clone(),
          )),
          ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking,
        );
      }
      return Ok(());
    }
    Ok(())
  }
 }
 impl IAudioSessionNotification_Impl for SessionNotifier_Impl {
  fn OnSessionCreated(
    &self,
    ctrl_ref: windows_core::Ref<'_, windows::Win32::Media::Audio::IAudioSessionControl>,
  ) -> windows_core::Result<()> {
    let Some(ctrl) = ctrl_ref.as_ref() else {
      return Ok(());
    };
    self.refresh_state(ctrl)?;
    Ok(())
  }
 }
 pub fn register_audio_device_status_callback(
  is_running: Arc<AtomicBool>,
  active_sessions: Arc<AtomicUsize>,
  callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(bool, String, String, String)>>,
 ) -> windows_core::Result<Vec<IAudioSessionNotification>> {
  unsafe {
    let enumerator: IMMDeviceEnumerator = CoCreateInstance(&MMDeviceEnumerator, None, CLSCTX_ALL)?;
    // Get all active capture devices
    let device_collection: IMMDeviceCollection =
      enumerator.EnumAudioEndpoints(eCapture, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE)?;
    let device_count = device_collection.GetCount()?;
    let mut session_notifiers = Vec::new();
    for i in 0..device_count {
      let device: IMMDevice = device_collection.Item(i)?;
      // Device identifiers
      let device_id_pwstr = device.GetId()?;
      let device_id = device_id_pwstr.to_string()?;
      let device_name = format!("Audio Device {}", i);
      // Activate session manager for this device
      let mgr: IAudioSessionManager2 = device.Activate(CLSCTX_ALL, None)?;
      // Create notifier for this device
      let session_notifier = SessionNotifier::new(
        &mgr,
        device_id.clone(),
        device_name.clone(),
        callback.clone(),
        is_running.clone(),
        active_sessions.clone(),
      );
      // Enumerate existing sessions to update counters and state immediately
      let list: IAudioSessionEnumerator = mgr.GetSessionEnumerator()?;
      let sessions = list.GetCount()?;
      for idx in 0..sessions {
        let ctrl = list.GetSession(idx)?;
        session_notifier.refresh_state(&ctrl)?;
      }
      let session_notifier_impl: IAudioSessionNotification = session_notifier.into();
      mgr.RegisterSessionNotification(&session_notifier_impl)?;
      session_notifiers.push(session_notifier_impl);
    }
    Ok(session_notifiers)
  }
 }
 pub struct MicrophoneListener {
  _session_notifiers: Vec<IAudioSessionNotification>, // keep the session_notifiers alive
  is_running: Arc<AtomicBool>,
 }
 impl MicrophoneListener {
  pub fn new(callback: ThreadsafeFunction<(bool, String, String, String)>) -> Self {
    unsafe {
      if CoInitializeEx(None, COINIT_MULTITHREADED).is_err() {
        // If COM initialization fails, create a listener with empty notifiers
        return Self {
          is_running: Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false)),
          _session_notifiers: Vec::new(),
        };
      }
    };
    let is_running = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
    let active_sessions = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
    let session_notifiers = match register_audio_device_status_callback(
      is_running.clone(),
      active_sessions.clone(),
      Arc::new(callback),
    ) {
      Ok(notifiers) => notifiers,
      Err(_) => {
        // If registration fails, create a listener with empty notifiers
        Vec::new()
      }
    };
    Self {
      is_running,
      _session_notifiers: session_notifiers,
    }
  }
  pub fn is_running(&self) -> bool {
    self.is_running.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
  }
  // Static method to check if a specific process is using microphone
  // This is used by TappableApplication::is_running()
  pub fn is_process_using_microphone(process_id: u32) -> bool {
    // Use the proven get_all_audio_processes logic
    match get_all_audio_processes() {
      Ok(processes) => processes
        .iter()
        .any(|p| p.process_id == process_id && p.is_running),
      Err(_) => false,
    }
  }
 }
 fn get_mgr_audio_session_running_status(
  mgr: &IAudioSessionManager2,
 ) -> windows_core::Result<(bool, String)> {
  let list: IAudioSessionEnumerator = unsafe { mgr.GetSessionEnumerator()? };
  let sessions = unsafe { list.GetCount()? };
  for idx in 0..sessions {
    let ctrl = unsafe { list.GetSession(idx)? };
    let ctrl2: IAudioSessionControl2 = ctrl.cast()?;
    let process_id = unsafe { ctrl2.GetProcessId()? };
    // Skip current process to avoid self-detection
    if process_id == process::id() {
      continue;
    }
    let process_name = match get_process_name(process_id) {
      Some(n) => n,
      None => unsafe { ctrl2.GetDisplayName()?.to_string()? },
    };
    // Skip system-sounds session
    // The `IsSystemSoundsSession` always true for unknown reason
    if process_name.contains("AudioSrv") {
      continue;
    }
    // Active ⇒ microphone is recording
    if unsafe { ctrl.GetState()? } == AudioSessionStateActive {
      return Ok((true, process_name));
    }
  }
  Ok((false, String::new()))
 }
 fn get_process_name(pid: u32) -> Option<String> {
  unsafe {
    // Open process with required access rights
    let process_handle =
      OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ, false, pid).ok()?;
    // Allocate a buffer large enough to hold extended-length paths (up to ~32K
    // characters) instead of the legacy MAX_PATH (260) limit.
    let mut buffer: Vec<u16> = std::iter::repeat(0).take(32_768).collect();
    // Try GetModuleFileNameExW first (gives full path with extension)
    let length = GetModuleFileNameExW(
      Some(process_handle),
      None, // NULL for the process executable
      &mut buffer,
    );
    // If that fails, try GetProcessImageFileNameW
    let length = if length == 0 {
      GetProcessImageFileNameW(process_handle, &mut buffer)
    } else {
      length
    };
    // Clean up
    CloseHandle(process_handle).ok()?;
    if length == 0 {
      return None;
    }
    // Convert to OsString then to a regular String. Truncate buffer first.
    buffer.truncate(length as usize);
    let os_string = OsString::from_wide(&buffer);
    // Extract the file name from the path
    let path_str = os_string.to_string_lossy().to_string();
    path_str.rsplit('\\').next().map(|s| s.to_string())
  }
 }
 pub fn list_audio_processes() -> Result<Vec<AudioProcess>> {
  unsafe {
    // Try to initialize COM, but don't fail if it's already initialized
    let _ = CoInitializeEx(None, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
  };
  let result = get_all_audio_processes()
    .map_err(|err| napi::Error::new(napi::Status::GenericFailure, err.message()))?;
  Ok(result)
 }
 pub fn list_audio_devices() -> Result<Vec<AudioDevice>> {
  unsafe {
    // Try to initialize COM, but don't fail if it's already initialized
    let _ = CoInitializeEx(None, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
  };
  let result = get_all_audio_devices()
    .map_err(|err| napi::Error::new(napi::Status::GenericFailure, err.message()))?;
  Ok(result)
 }
 fn get_all_audio_processes() -> windows_core::Result<Vec<AudioProcess>> {
  unsafe {
    let enumerator: IMMDeviceEnumerator = CoCreateInstance(&MMDeviceEnumerator, None, CLSCTX_ALL)?;
    let device_collection: IMMDeviceCollection =
      enumerator.EnumAudioEndpoints(eCapture, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE)?;
    let device_count = device_collection.GetCount()?;
    let mut all_processes = Vec::new();
    let current_pid = process::id();
    for i in 0..device_count {
      let device: IMMDevice = device_collection.Item(i)?;
      let device_id_pwstr = device.GetId()?;
      let device_id = device_id_pwstr.to_string()?;
      let device_name = format!("Audio Device {}", i);
      let mgr: IAudioSessionManager2 = device.Activate(CLSCTX_ALL, None)?;
      let list: IAudioSessionEnumerator = mgr.GetSessionEnumerator()?;
      let sessions = list.GetCount()?;
      for idx in 0..sessions {
        let ctrl = list.GetSession(idx)?;
        let ctrl2: IAudioSessionControl2 = ctrl.cast()?;
        let process_id = ctrl2.GetProcessId()?;
        // Skip current process to avoid self-detection
        if process_id == current_pid {
          continue;
        }
        let process_name = match get_process_name(process_id) {
          Some(n) => n,
          None => ctrl2.GetDisplayName()?.to_string()?,
        };
        // Skip system-sounds session
        if process_name.contains("AudioSrv") {
          continue;
        }
        let is_running = ctrl.GetState()? == AudioSessionStateActive;
        all_processes.push(AudioProcess {
          process_name,
          process_id,
          device_id: device_id.clone(),
          device_name: device_name.clone(),
          is_running,
        });
      }
    }
    Ok(all_processes)
  }
 }
 fn get_all_audio_devices() -> windows_core::Result<Vec<AudioDevice>> {
  unsafe {
    let enumerator: IMMDeviceEnumerator = CoCreateInstance(&MMDeviceEnumerator, None, CLSCTX_ALL)?;
    let device_collection: IMMDeviceCollection =
      enumerator.EnumAudioEndpoints(eCapture, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE)?;
    let device_count = device_collection.GetCount()?;
    let mut devices = Vec::new();
    // Get default devices for comparison
    let default_comm_device_id = enumerator
      .GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(eCapture, eCommunications)
      .and_then(|d| d.GetId())
      .and_then(|id| Ok(id.to_string().unwrap_or_default()))
      .ok();
    let default_console_device_id = enumerator
      .GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(eCapture, eConsole)
      .and_then(|d| d.GetId())
      .and_then(|id| Ok(id.to_string().unwrap_or_default()))
      .ok();
    for i in 0..device_count {
      let device: IMMDevice = device_collection.Item(i)?;
      let device_id_pwstr = device.GetId()?;
      let device_id = device_id_pwstr.to_string()?;
      let device_name = format!("Audio Device {}", i);
      let is_default_communications = default_comm_device_id.as_ref() == Some(&device_id);
      let is_default_console = default_console_device_id.as_ref() == Some(&device_id);
      let mgr: IAudioSessionManager2 = device.Activate(CLSCTX_ALL, None)?;
      let (has_active_sessions, _) = get_mgr_audio_session_running_status(&mgr)?;
      devices.push(AudioDevice {
        device_id,
        device_name,
        is_default_communications,
        is_default_console,
        has_active_sessions,
      });
    }
    Ok(devices)
  }
 }
 pub fn get_active_audio_processes() -> Result<Vec<AudioProcess>> {
  unsafe {
    // Try to initialize COM, but don't fail if it's already initialized
    let _ = CoInitializeEx(None, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
  };
  let result = get_all_audio_processes()
    .map_err(|err| napi::Error::new(napi::Status::GenericFailure, err.message()))?;
  // Filter to only return active/running processes
  let active_processes = result.into_iter().filter(|p| p.is_running).collect();
  Ok(active_processes)
 }
 pub fn is_process_actively_using_microphone(pid: u32) -> Result<bool> {
  unsafe {
    // Try to initialize COM, but don't fail if it's already initialized
    let _ = CoInitializeEx(None, COINIT_MULTITHREADED);
  };
  let result = get_all_audio_processes()
    .map_err(|err| napi::Error::new(napi::Status::GenericFailure, err.message()))?;
  // Check if the PID exists in the list of active processes
  let is_active = result
    .iter()
    .any(|process| process.process_id == pid && process.is_running);
  Ok(is_active)
 }
--- a/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/mod.rs
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/mod.rs
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
 pub mod audio_capture;
 pub(crate) mod error;
 pub mod microphone_listener;
 pub mod screen_capture_kit;
 pub use audio_capture::*;
 pub use microphone_listener::*;
 pub use screen_capture_kit::*;
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
  #[test]
  fn test_windows_module_loads() {
    // Simple test to ensure the Windows module compiles and loads correctly
    assert!(true);
  }
 }
--- a/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/screen_capture_kit.rs
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/media_capture/src/windows/screen_capture_kit.rs
@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
 use std::{
  collections::HashSet,
  ffi::OsString,
  os::windows::ffi::OsStringExt,
  sync::{
    atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU32, Ordering},
    Arc, LazyLock, RwLock,
  },
  thread,
  time::Duration,
 };
 use napi::{
  bindgen_prelude::{Buffer, Error, Result, Status},
  threadsafe_function::{ThreadsafeFunction, ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode},
 };
 use napi_derive::napi;
 // Windows API imports
 use windows::Win32::Foundation::{CloseHandle, INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE}; // HWND removed
 use windows::Win32::System::{
  Com::{CoInitializeEx, COINIT_MULTITHREADED},
  Diagnostics::ToolHelp::{
    CreateToolhelp32Snapshot, Process32FirstW, Process32NextW, PROCESSENTRY32W, TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS,
  },
  ProcessStatus::{GetModuleFileNameExW, GetProcessImageFileNameW},
  Threading::{OpenProcess, PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, PROCESS_VM_READ},
 };
 // Import the function from microphone_listener
 use crate::windows::microphone_listener::is_process_actively_using_microphone;
 // Type alias to match macOS API
 pub type AudioObjectID = u32;
 // Global storage for running applications (Windows equivalent of macOS audio
 // process list)
 static RUNNING_APPLICATIONS: LazyLock<RwLock<Vec<u32>>> =
  LazyLock::new(|| RwLock::new(get_running_processes()));
 // Simple counter for generating unique handles
 static NEXT_HANDLE: AtomicU32 = AtomicU32::new(1);
 // Global storage for active watchers
 static ACTIVE_APP_WATCHERS: LazyLock<
  RwLock<Vec<(u32, u32, Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>>, Arc<AtomicBool>)>>,
 > = LazyLock::new(|| RwLock::new(Vec::new()));
 static ACTIVE_LIST_WATCHERS: LazyLock<
  RwLock<Vec<(u32, Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>>, Arc<AtomicBool>)>>,
 > = LazyLock::new(|| RwLock::new(Vec::new()));
 // Plain struct for efficient transmission via napi-rs
 #[napi]
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct ApplicationInfo {
  pub process_id: i32,
  pub name: String,
  pub object_id: u32,
 }
 #[napi]
 impl ApplicationInfo {
  #[napi(constructor)]
  pub fn new(process_id: i32, name: String, object_id: u32) -> Self {
    Self {
      process_id,
      name,
      object_id,
    }
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn process_group_id(&self) -> i32 {
    // Windows doesn't have process groups like Unix, return the process ID
    self.process_id
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn bundle_identifier(&self) -> String {
    // For Windows, return the fully-qualified path to the .exe on disk
    let path = get_process_executable_path(self.process_id as u32).unwrap_or_default();
    // Escape invalid filename characters for Windows
    escape_filename(&path)
  }
  #[napi(getter)]
  pub fn icon(&self) -> Buffer {
    // For now, return empty buffer. In a full implementation, you would extract
    // the icon from the executable file using Windows APIs
    Buffer::from(Vec::<u8>::new())
  }
 }
 #[napi]
 pub struct ApplicationListChangedSubscriber {
  handle: u32,
  // We'll store the callback and manage it through a background thread
  _callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>>,
 }
 #[napi]
 impl ApplicationListChangedSubscriber {
  #[napi]
  pub fn unsubscribe(&self) -> Result<()> {
    if let Ok(mut watchers) = ACTIVE_LIST_WATCHERS.write() {
      if let Some(pos) = watchers
        .iter()
        .position(|(handle, _, _)| *handle == self.handle)
      {
        let (_, _, should_stop) = &watchers[pos];
        should_stop.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
        watchers.remove(pos);
      }
    }
    Ok(())
  }
 }
 #[napi]
 pub struct ApplicationStateChangedSubscriber {
  handle: u32,
  process_id: u32,
  _callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>>,
 }
 #[napi]
 impl ApplicationStateChangedSubscriber {
  pub fn process_id(&self) -> u32 {
    self.process_id
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn unsubscribe(&self) {
    if let Ok(mut watchers) = ACTIVE_APP_WATCHERS.write() {
      if let Some(pos) = watchers
        .iter()
        .position(|(handle, _, _, _)| *handle == self.handle)
      {
        let (_, _, _, should_stop) = &watchers[pos];
        should_stop.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
        watchers.remove(pos);
      }
    }
  }
 }
 #[napi]
 pub struct ShareableContent {
  // Windows doesn't need an inner SCShareableContent equivalent
 }
 #[napi]
 impl ShareableContent {
  #[napi]
  pub fn on_application_list_changed(
    callback: ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>,
  ) -> Result<ApplicationListChangedSubscriber> {
    let handle = NEXT_HANDLE.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
    let callback_arc = Arc::new(callback);
    // Start monitoring for application list changes
    start_list_monitoring(handle, callback_arc.clone());
    Ok(ApplicationListChangedSubscriber {
      handle,
      _callback: callback_arc,
    })
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn on_app_state_changed(
    app: &ApplicationInfo,
    callback: ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>,
  ) -> Result<ApplicationStateChangedSubscriber> {
    let handle = NEXT_HANDLE.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
    let process_id = app.process_id as u32;
    let callback_arc = Arc::new(callback);
    // Start monitoring for this specific process's microphone state
    start_process_monitoring(handle, process_id, callback_arc.clone());
    Ok(ApplicationStateChangedSubscriber {
      handle,
      process_id,
      _callback: callback_arc,
    })
  }
  #[napi(constructor)]
  pub fn new() -> Self {
    unsafe {
      CoInitializeEx(None, COINIT_MULTITHREADED)
        .ok()
        .unwrap_or_else(|_| {
          // COM initialization failed, but we can't return an error from
          // constructor This is typically not fatal as COM might
          // already be initialized
        });
    }
    Self {}
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn applications() -> Result<Vec<ApplicationInfo>> {
    let processes = RUNNING_APPLICATIONS.read().map_err(|_| {
      Error::new(
        Status::GenericFailure,
        "Failed to read running applications",
      )
    })?;
    let mut apps = Vec::new();
    for &process_id in processes.iter() {
      let name = get_process_name(process_id).unwrap_or_else(|| format!("Process {}", process_id));
      if !name.is_empty() && name != format!("Process {}", process_id) {
        let app_info = ApplicationInfo::new(process_id as i32, name, process_id);
        apps.push(app_info);
      }
    }
    Ok(apps)
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn application_with_process_id(process_id: u32) -> Option<ApplicationInfo> {
    if is_process_running(process_id) {
      let name = get_process_name(process_id).unwrap_or_else(|| format!("Process {}", process_id));
      Some(ApplicationInfo::new(process_id as i32, name, process_id))
    } else {
      None
    }
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn tap_audio(
    _process_id: u32, // Currently unused - Windows captures global audio
    audio_stream_callback: ThreadsafeFunction<napi::bindgen_prelude::Float32Array, ()>,
  ) -> Result<AudioCaptureSession> {
    // On Windows with CPAL, we capture global audio (mic + loopback)
    // since per-application audio tapping isn't supported the same way as macOS
    crate::windows::audio_capture::start_recording(audio_stream_callback)
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn tap_global_audio(
    _excluded_processes: Option<Vec<&ApplicationInfo>>,
    audio_stream_callback: ThreadsafeFunction<napi::bindgen_prelude::Float32Array, ()>,
  ) -> Result<AudioCaptureSession> {
    // Delegate to audio_capture::start_recording which handles mixing mic +
    // loopback
    crate::windows::audio_capture::start_recording(audio_stream_callback)
  }
  #[napi]
  pub fn is_using_microphone(process_id: u32) -> Result<bool> {
    is_process_actively_using_microphone(process_id)
  }
 }
 // Re-export the concrete audio capture session implemented in audio_capture.rs
 pub use crate::windows::audio_capture::AudioCaptureSession;
 // Helper function to escape invalid filename characters
 fn escape_filename(path: &str) -> String {
  // Replace invalid filename characters with underscores
  // Invalid chars on Windows: < > : " | ? * \ spaces and control chars (0-31)
  path
    .chars()
    .map(|c| match c {
      '<' | '>' | ':' | '"' | '|' | '?' | '*' | '\\' | ' ' => '_',
      c if c.is_control() => '_',
      c => c,
    })
    .collect::<String>()
    .to_lowercase()
 }
 // Helper functions for Windows process management
 fn get_running_processes() -> Vec<u32> {
  let mut processes_set = HashSet::new(); // Use HashSet to avoid duplicates from the start
  unsafe {
    let h_snapshot_result = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
    let h_snapshot = match h_snapshot_result {
      Ok(handle) => {
        if handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE {
          // eprintln!("CreateToolhelp32Snapshot returned INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE");
          return Vec::new();
        }
        handle
      }
      Err(_e) => {
        // eprintln!("CreateToolhelp32Snapshot failed: {:?}", e);
        return Vec::new();
      }
    };
    let mut pe32 = PROCESSENTRY32W::default();
    pe32.dwSize = std::mem::size_of::<PROCESSENTRY32W>() as u32;
    if Process32FirstW(h_snapshot, &mut pe32).is_ok() {
      loop {
        processes_set.insert(pe32.th32ProcessID);
        if Process32NextW(h_snapshot, &mut pe32).is_err() {
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    CloseHandle(h_snapshot).unwrap_or_else(|_e| {
      // eprintln!("CloseHandle failed for snapshot: {:?}", e);
    });
  }
  let mut processes_vec: Vec<u32> = processes_set.into_iter().collect();
  processes_vec.sort_unstable(); // Sort for consistent ordering, though not strictly necessary for functionality
  processes_vec
 }
 fn is_process_running(process_id: u32) -> bool {
  unsafe {
    match OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, false, process_id) {
      Ok(handle) => CloseHandle(handle).is_ok(),
      Err(_) => false,
    }
  }
 }
 fn get_process_name(pid: u32) -> Option<String> {
  unsafe {
    let process_handle =
      OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ, false, pid).ok()?;
    // Allocate a buffer large enough to hold extended-length paths (up to ~32K
    // characters) instead of the legacy MAX_PATH (260) limit. 32 768 is the
    // maximum length supported by the Win32 APIs when the path is prefixed
    // with "\\?\".
    let mut buffer: Vec<u16> = std::iter::repeat(0).take(32_768).collect();
    let length = GetModuleFileNameExW(Some(process_handle), None, &mut buffer);
    CloseHandle(process_handle).ok()?;
    if length == 0 {
      return None;
    }
    // Truncate the buffer to the length returned by the Windows API before
    // doing the UTF-16 → UTF-8 conversion.
    buffer.truncate(length as usize);
    let os_string = OsString::from_wide(&buffer);
    let path_str = os_string.to_string_lossy().to_string();
    path_str.rsplit('\\').next().map(|s| s.to_string())
  }
 }
 fn get_process_executable_path(pid: u32) -> Option<String> {
  unsafe {
    let process_handle =
      OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION | PROCESS_VM_READ, false, pid).ok()?;
    // Use a buffer that can hold extended-length paths. See rationale above.
    let mut buffer: Vec<u16> = std::iter::repeat(0).take(32_768).collect();
    let length = GetProcessImageFileNameW(process_handle, &mut buffer);
    CloseHandle(process_handle).ok()?;
    if length == 0 {
      return None;
    }
    buffer.truncate(length as usize);
    let os_string = OsString::from_wide(&buffer);
    let path_str = os_string.to_string_lossy().to_string();
    Some(path_str)
  }
 }
 // Helper function to start monitoring a specific process
 fn start_process_monitoring(
  handle: u32,
  process_id: u32,
  callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>>,
 ) {
  let should_stop = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
  let should_stop_clone = should_stop.clone();
  // Store the watcher info
  if let Ok(mut watchers) = ACTIVE_APP_WATCHERS.write() {
    watchers.push((handle, process_id, callback.clone(), should_stop.clone()));
  }
  // Start monitoring thread
  thread::spawn(move || {
    let mut last_state = false;
    loop {
      if should_stop_clone.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
        break;
      }
      // Check current microphone state
      let current_state = is_process_actively_using_microphone(process_id).unwrap_or(false);
      // If state changed, trigger callback
      if current_state != last_state {
        let _ = callback.call(Ok(()), ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking);
        last_state = current_state;
      }
      // Sleep for a short interval before checking again
      thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
    }
  });
 }
 // Helper function to start monitoring application list changes
 fn start_list_monitoring(handle: u32, callback: Arc<ThreadsafeFunction<(), ()>>) {
  let should_stop = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
  let should_stop_clone = should_stop.clone();
  // Store the watcher info
  if let Ok(mut watchers) = ACTIVE_LIST_WATCHERS.write() {
    watchers.push((handle, callback.clone(), should_stop.clone()));
  }
  // Start monitoring thread
  thread::spawn(move || {
    let mut last_processes = get_running_processes();
    loop {
      if should_stop_clone.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
        break;
      }
      // Check current process list
      let current_processes = get_running_processes();
      // If process list changed, trigger callback
      if current_processes != last_processes {
        let _ = callback.call(Ok(()), ThreadsafeFunctionCallMode::NonBlocking);
        last_processes = current_processes;
        // Update global process list
        if let Ok(mut apps) = RUNNING_APPLICATIONS.write() {
          *apps = last_processes.clone();
        }
      }
      // Sleep for a longer interval for process list changes
      thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(2000));
    }
  });
 }
--- a/packages/frontend/native/package.json
+++ b/packages/frontend/native/package.json
@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
    ]
  },
  "devDependencies": {
-    "@napi-rs/cli": "3.0.0-alpha.81",
+    "@napi-rs/cli": "3.0.0-alpha.89",
    "@napi-rs/whisper": "^0.0.4",
    "@types/node": "^22.0.0",
    "ava": "^6.2.0",
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ __metadata:
  version: 0.0.0-use.local
  resolution: "@affine/native@workspace:packages/frontend/native"
  dependencies:
-    "@napi-rs/cli": "npm:3.0.0-alpha.81"
+    "@napi-rs/cli": "npm:3.0.0-alpha.89"
    "@napi-rs/whisper": "npm:^0.0.4"
    "@types/node": "npm:^22.0.0"
    ava: "npm:^6.2.0"
@ -887,7 +887,7 @@ __metadata:
  version: 0.0.0-use.local
  resolution: "@affine/server-native@workspace:packages/backend/native"
  dependencies:
-    "@napi-rs/cli": "npm:3.0.0-alpha.81"
+    "@napi-rs/cli": "npm:3.0.0-alpha.89"
    lib0: "npm:^0.2.99"
    tiktoken: "npm:^1.0.17"
    tinybench: "npm:^4.0.0"
@ -7941,9 +7941,9 @@ __metadata:
  languageName: node
  linkType: hard
-"@napi-rs/cli@npm:3.0.0-alpha.81":
+"@napi-rs/cli@npm:3.0.0-alpha.89":
-  version: 3.0.0-alpha.81
+  version: 3.0.0-alpha.89
-  resolution: "@napi-rs/cli@npm:3.0.0-alpha.81"
+  resolution: "@napi-rs/cli@npm:3.0.0-alpha.89"
  dependencies:
    "@inquirer/prompts": "npm:^7.4.0"
    "@napi-rs/cross-toolchain": "npm:^0.0.19"
@ -7970,7 +7970,7 @@ __metadata:
  bin:
    napi: ./dist/cli.js
    napi-raw: ./cli.mjs
-  checksum: 10/1b086706f753141d3632dd49bfeb2539c1e67af7c362da937cbd0cbad1c8578cf088d2afedc3a86302fb77e3dc7784c096081dc1b4b9e1d1a3c6bffe6308a5ff
+  checksum: 10/8ba4122d1bf42bf844c8304e374aa6f08a7a2804cf0d45d9a0007820076b1560cb9c8d78a91c5c3c0b8a10e474f9277fc5faab78bbe87643a2ff2027f2129b11
  languageName: node
  linkType: hard
@ -16363,7 +16363,7 @@ __metadata:
  version: 0.0.0-use.local
  resolution: "@y-octo/node@workspace:packages/common/y-octo/node"
  dependencies:
-    "@napi-rs/cli": "npm:3.0.0-alpha.81"
+    "@napi-rs/cli": "npm:3.0.0-alpha.89"
    "@types/node": "npm:^22.14.1"
    "@types/prompts": "npm:^2.4.9"
    c8: "npm:^10.1.3"