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Many changes suggested by Bob Weiner, mostly small grammatical fixes

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or other clarifications, with the occasional plug for BeOpen
PythonLabs thrown in.  Also added a trademarks disclaimer.
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Guido van Rossum 2000-09-05 16:46:22 +00:00
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@ -10,22 +10,27 @@ All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum. Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum.
All rights reserved. All rights reserved.
License information License information
------------------- -------------------
See the file "LICENSE" for information on terms & conditions for See the file "LICENSE" for information on the history of this
accessing and otherwise using this software, and for a DISCLAIMER OF software, terms & conditions for usage, and a DISCLAIMER OF ALL
ALL WARRANTIES. WARRANTIES.
The Python distribution is *not* affected by the GNU Public Licence This Python distribution contains no GNU General Public Licensed
(GPL). There are interfaces to some GNU code but these are entirely (GPLed) code so it may be used in proprietary projects just like prior
optional and no GNU code is distributed with Python. Python distributions. There are interfaces to some GNU code but these
are entirely optional.
All trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective
holders.
What's new in this release? What's new in this release?
--------------------------- ---------------------------
See the file Misc/NEWS; see also this URL: See the file "Misc/NEWS"; see also this URL:
http://www.pythonlabs.com/tech/python2.html http://www.pythonlabs.com/tech/python2.html
@ -36,17 +41,22 @@ Congratulations on getting this far. :-)
To start building right away (on UNIX): type "./configure" in the To start building right away (on UNIX): type "./configure" in the
current directory and when it finishes, type "make". The section current directory and when it finishes, type "make". The section
Build Instructions below is still recommended reading, especially the `Build Instructions' below is still recommended reading, especially
part on customizing Modules/Setup. the part on customizing Modules/Setup.
What is Python anyway? What is Python anyway?
---------------------- ----------------------
Python is an interpreted object-oriented programming language. It is Python is an interpreted object-oriented programming language suitable
often compared to Tcl, Perl, Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic or Scheme. (amongst other uses) for distributed application development,
To find out more about what Python can do for you, point your browser scripting, numeric computing and system testing. Python is often
to http://www.pythonlabs.com/. compared to Tcl, Perl, Java, JavaScript, Visual Basic or Scheme. To
find out more about what Python can do for you, point your browser to
http://www.pythonlabs.com/.
BeOpen Python releases include pre-built Python executables for major
platforms and are available from PythonLabs.
How do I learn Python? How do I learn Python?
@ -65,62 +75,63 @@ Documentation
All documentation is provided online in a variety of formats. In All documentation is provided online in a variety of formats. In
order of importance for new users: Tutorial, Library Reference, order of importance for new users: Tutorial, Library Reference,
Language Reference, Extending & Embedding, and the Python/C API. Language Reference, Extending & Embedding, and the Python/C API. The
Especially the Library Reference is of immense value since much of Library Reference is especially of immense value since much of
Python's power (including the built-in data types and functions!) is Python's power is described there, including the built-in data types
described there. and functions!
All documentation is also available online via the Python web site All documentation is also available online at the Python web site
(http://www.python.org/doc/, see below). It is available online for (http://www.python.org/doc/, see below). It is available online for
occaissional reference, or can be downloaded in many formats for occasional reference, or can be downloaded in many formats for faster
faster access. The documents are available in HTML, PostScript, PDF, access. The documentation is available in HTML, PostScript, PDF, HTML
HTML Help, and LaTeX; the LaTeX version is primarily for documentation Help, and LaTeX formats; the LaTeX version is primarily for
authors or people with special formatting requirements. documentation authors or people with special formatting requirements.
Web site Web sites
-------- ---------
Python's web site is at http://www.python.org/. The Python core New Python releases and related technologies are published at
development team at BeOpen has its own website at
http://www.pythonlabs.com/. Come visit us! http://www.pythonlabs.com/. Come visit us!
The present Python community web site is http://www.python.org/.
BeOpen.com is developing a next-generation community site for Python
and is looking for volunteers to help make this an even better
resource than the existing community site. If you know Python well
and would like to volunteer to work with us on this project, please
contact <volunteer@pythonlabs.com> with a summary of your skills.
Newsgroups
---------- Newsgroups and Mailing Lists
----------------------------
Read comp.lang.python, a high-volume discussion newsgroup about Read comp.lang.python, a high-volume discussion newsgroup about
Python, or comp.lang.python.announce, a low-volume moderated newsgroup Python, or comp.lang.python.announce, a low-volume moderated newsgroup
for Python-related announcements. These are also accessible as for Python-related announcements. These are also accessible as
mailing lists, see the next item. mailing lists: see http://www.python.org/psa/MailingLists.html for an
overview of the many Python-related mailing lists.
Archives are accessible via Deja News; the Python website has a Archives are accessible via Deja.com Usenet News: see
query form for the archives at http://www.python.org/search/. http://www.deja.com/usenet. The mailing lists are also archived, see
http://www.python.org/psa/MailingLists.html for details.
Mailing lists
-------------
See http://www.python.org/psa/MailingLists.html for an overview of the
many Python related mailing lists.
Bug reports Bug reports
----------- -----------
To report or search for bugs, please use the SourceForge Bugs To report or search for bugs, please use the Python Bug
Tracker at http://sourceforge.net/bugs/?group_id=5470. Tracker at http://sourceforge.net/bugs/?group_id=5470.
Patches and contributions Patches and contributions
------------------------- -------------------------
To submit a patch or other contribution, please use the SourceForge To submit a patch or other contribution, please use the Python
Patch Manager at http://sourceforge.net/patch/?group_id=5470. Patch Manager at http://sourceforge.net/patch/?group_id=5470.
If you have a proposal to change Python, it's best to submit a Python If you have a proposal to change Python, it's best to submit a Python
Enhancement Proposal (PEP) first. All current PEPs, as well as Enhancement Proposal (PEP) first. All current PEPs, as well as
guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are here: guidelines for submitting a new PEP, are list at
http://python.sourceforge.net/peps/. http://python.sourceforge.net/peps/.
@ -131,24 +142,22 @@ For help, if you can't find it in the manuals or on the web site, it's
best to post to the comp.lang.python or the Python mailing list (see best to post to the comp.lang.python or the Python mailing list (see
above). If you specifically don't want to involve the newsgroup or above). If you specifically don't want to involve the newsgroup or
mailing list, send questions to <help@python.org> (a group of mailing list, send questions to <help@python.org> (a group of
volunteers which does *not* include me). Because of my work and email volunteers who answer questions as they can). The newsgroup is the
volume, I'm often be slow in answering questions sent to me directly; most efficient way to ask public questions.
I prefer to answer questions posted to the newsgroup.
Build instructions Build instructions
================== ==================
Before you can build Python, you must first configure it. Before you can build Python, you must first configure it. Fortunately,
Fortunately, the configuration and build process has been streamlined the configuration and build process has been streamlined for most Unix
for most Unix installations, so all you have to do is type a few installations, so all you have to do is type a few commands,
commands, optionally edit one file, and sit back. There are some optionally edit one file, and sit back. There are some platforms
platforms where things are not quite as smooth; see the platform where things are not quite as smooth; see the platform specific notes
specific notes below. If you want to build for multiple platforms below. If you want to build for multiple platforms sharing the same
sharing the same source tree, see the section on VPATH below. source tree, see the section on VPATH below.
You start by running the script "./configure", which figures out your You start by running the script "./configure", which determines your
system configuration and creates several Makefiles. (It takes a system configuration and creates several Makefiles. (It takes a
minute or two -- please be patient!) When it's done, you are ready to minute or two -- please be patient!) When it's done, you are ready to
run make. You may want to pass options to the configure script, or run make. You may want to pass options to the configure script, or
@ -156,16 +165,17 @@ edit the Setup file -- see the section below on configuration options
and variables. and variables.
To build Python, you normally type "make" in the toplevel directory. To build Python, you normally type "make" in the toplevel directory.
This will recursively run make in each of the subdirectories Parser, This will recursively run make in each of the subdirectories: Grammar,
Objects, Python and Modules, creating a library file in each one. The Parser, Objects, Python and Modules, creating a library file in each
executable of the interpreter is built in the Modules subdirectory and one (except Grammar). The interpreter executable is built in the top
moved up here when it is built. If you want or need to, you can also level directory. If you want or need to, you can also chdir into each
chdir into each subdirectory in turn and run make there manually (do subdirectory in turn and run make there manually (do the Modules
the Modules subdirectory last!). subdirectory last; you must use "make all sharedmods" to build the
dynamically loadable modules, if you have any).
Once you have built an interpreter, see the subsections below on Once you have built a Python interpreter, see the subsections below on
testing, configuring additional modules, and installation. If you run testing, configuring additional modules, and installation. If you run
in trouble, see the next section. into trouble, see the next section.
Troubleshooting Troubleshooting
@ -191,7 +201,7 @@ configure problem, be sure to remove config.cache!
If you get a warning for every file about the -Olimit option being no If you get a warning for every file about the -Olimit option being no
longer supported, you can ignore it. There's no foolproof way to know longer supported, you can ignore it. There's no foolproof way to know
whether this option is needed; all I can do is test whether it is whether this option is needed; all we can do is test whether it is
accepted without error. On some systems, e.g. older SGI compilers, it accepted without error. On some systems, e.g. older SGI compilers, it
is essential for performance (specifically when compiling ceval.c, is essential for performance (specifically when compiling ceval.c,
which has more basic blocks than the default limit of 1000). If the which has more basic blocks than the default limit of 1000). If the
@ -214,13 +224,13 @@ Platform specific notes
----------------------- -----------------------
(Some of these may no longer apply. If you find you can build Python (Some of these may no longer apply. If you find you can build Python
on these platforms without the special directions mentioned here, let on these platforms without the special directions mentioned here, mail
me know so I can remove them!) to <python@pythonlabs.com> so we can remove them!)
64-bit platforms: The modules audioop, imageop and rgbimg don't work. 64-bit platforms: The modules audioop, imageop and rgbimg don't work.
Don't try to enable them in the Modules/Setup file. They Don't try to enable them in the Modules/Setup file. They
contain code that is quite wordsize sensitive. (If you have a contain code that is quite wordsize sensitive. (If you have a
fix, let me know!) fix, let us know!)
Solaris: When using Sun's C compiler with threads, at least on Solaris Solaris: When using Sun's C compiler with threads, at least on Solaris
2.5.1, you need to add the "-mt" compiler option (the simplest 2.5.1, you need to add the "-mt" compiler option (the simplest
@ -273,14 +283,14 @@ AIX: A complete overhaul of the shared library support is now in
HP-UX: Please read the file Misc/HPUX-NOTES for shared libraries. HP-UX: Please read the file Misc/HPUX-NOTES for shared libraries.
When using threading, you may have to add -D_REENTRANT to the When using threading, you may have to add -D_REENTRANT to the
OPT variable in the top-level Makefile; reported by Pat Knight OPT variable in the top-level Makefile; reported by Pat Knight,
this seems to make a difference (at least for HP-UX 10.20) this seems to make a difference (at least for HP-UX 10.20)
even though config.h defines it. even though config.h defines it.
Minix: When using ack, use "CC=cc AR=aal RANLIB=: ./configure"! Minix: When using ack, use "CC=cc AR=aal RANLIB=: ./configure"!
SCO: The following only apply to SCO 3; Python builds out of the box SCO: The following apply to SCO 3 only; Python builds out of the box
on SCO 5 (or so I've heard). on SCO 5 (or so we've heard).
1) Everything works much better if you add -U__STDC__ to the 1) Everything works much better if you add -U__STDC__ to the
defs. This is because all the SCO header files are broken. defs. This is because all the SCO header files are broken.
@ -371,7 +381,7 @@ Monterey (64-bit AIX):
environment variable to set the compilation mode to either 32-bit or environment variable to set the compilation mode to either 32-bit or
64-bit (32-bit mode is the default). Presumably you want 64-bit 64-bit (32-bit mode is the default). Presumably you want 64-bit
compilation mode for this 64-bit OS. As a result you must first set compilation mode for this 64-bit OS. As a result you must first set
OBJECT_MODE=64 in you environment before configuring (./configure) or OBJECT_MODE=64 in your environment before configuring (./configure) or
building (make) Python on Monterey. building (make) Python on Monterey.
@ -383,11 +393,11 @@ compile without threads, or if your thread support is broken, pass the
--with-threads=no switch to configure. Unfortunately, on some --with-threads=no switch to configure. Unfortunately, on some
platforms, additional compiler and/or linker options are required for platforms, additional compiler and/or linker options are required for
threads to work properly. Below is a table of those options, threads to work properly. Below is a table of those options,
collected by Bill Janssen. I would love to automate this process collected by Bill Janssen. We would love to automate this process
more, but the information below is not enough to write a patch for the more, but the information below is not enough to write a patch for the
configure.in file, so manual intervention is required. If you patch configure.in file, so manual intervention is required. If you patch
the configure.in file and are confident that the patch works, please the configure.in file and are confident that the patch works, please
send me the patch. (Don't bother patching the configure script itself send in the patch. (Don't bother patching the configure script itself
-- it is regenerated each the configure.in file changes.) -- it is regenerated each the configure.in file changes.)
Compiler switches for threads Compiler switches for threads
@ -435,15 +445,15 @@ Configuring additional built-in modules
--------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
You can configure the interpreter to contain fewer or more built-in You can configure the interpreter to contain fewer or more built-in
modules by editing the file Modules/Setup. This file is initially modules by editing the Modules/Setup file. This file is initially
copied (when the toplevel Makefile makes Modules/Makefile for the copied (when the toplevel Makefile makes Modules/Makefile for the
first time) from Setup.in; if it does not exist yet, make a copy first time) from Setup.in; if it does not exist yet, make a copy
yourself. Never edit Setup.in -- always edit Setup. Read the yourself. Never edit Setup.in -- always edit Setup. Read the
comments in the file for information on what kind of edits you can comments in the file for information on what kind of edits are
make. When you have edited Setup, Makefile and config.c in Modules allowed. When you have edited Setup, Makefile and config.c in the
will automatically be rebuilt the next time you run make in the Modules directory, the interpreter will automatically be rebuilt the
toplevel directory. (When working inside the Modules directory, use next time you run make in the toplevel directory. (When working
"make Makefile; make".) inside the Modules directory, use "make Makefile; make".)
The default collection of modules should build on any Unix system, but The default collection of modules should build on any Unix system, but
many optional modules should work on all modern Unices (e.g. try dbm, many optional modules should work on all modern Unices (e.g. try dbm,
@ -480,21 +490,21 @@ set of libraries to link with).
Testing Testing
------- -------
To test the interpreter that you have just built, type "make test". To test the interpreter, type "make test" in the top-level directory.
This runs the test set twice (once with no compiled files, once with This runs the test set twice (once with no compiled files, once with
the compiled files left by the previous test run). The test set the compiled files left by the previous test run). The test set
produces some output. You can generally ignore the messages about produces some output. You can generally ignore the messages about
skipped tests due to an optional feature that can't be imported (if skipped tests due to optional features which can't be imported. (If
you want to test those modules, edit Modules/Setup to configure them). you want to test those modules, edit Modules/Setup to configure them.)
If a messages is printed about a failed test or a traceback or core If a message is printed about a failed test or a traceback or core
dump is produced, something's wrong. On some Linux systems (those dump is produced, something is wrong. On some Linux systems (those
that are not yet using glibc 6), test_strftime fails due to a that are not yet using glibc 6), test_strftime fails due to a
non-standard-compliant implementation of strftime() in the C library. non-standard implementation of strftime() in the C library. Please
Please ignore this, or upgrade to glibc version 6. ignore this, or upgrade to glibc version 6.
IMPORTANT: If the tests fail and you decide to mail a bug report, IMPORTANT: If the tests fail and you decide to mail a bug report,
*don't* include the output of "make test". It is useless. Run the *don't* include the output of "make test". It is useless. Run the
test that fails manually, as follows: failing test manually, as follows:
python ../Lib/test/test_whatever.py python ../Lib/test/test_whatever.py
@ -511,12 +521,12 @@ just type
make install make install
This will install all platform-independent files in subdirectories the This will install all platform-independent files in subdirectories of
directory given with the --prefix option to configure or the 'prefix' the directory given with the --prefix option to configure or to the
Make variable (default /usr/local), and all binary and other `prefix' Make variable (default /usr/local). All binary and other
platform-specific files in subdirectories if the directory given by platform-specific files will be installed in subdirectories if the
--exec-prefix or the 'exec_prefix' Make variable (defaults to the directory given by --exec-prefix or the `exec_prefix' Make variable
--prefix directory). (defaults to the --prefix directory) is given.
All subdirectories created will have Python's version number in their All subdirectories created will have Python's version number in their
name, e.g. the library modules are installed in name, e.g. the library modules are installed in
@ -535,10 +545,9 @@ doesn't create the hard link to "python2.0" named "python" and it
doesn't install the manual page at all. doesn't install the manual page at all.
The only thing you may have to install manually is the Python mode for The only thing you may have to install manually is the Python mode for
Emacs. (But then again, more recent versions of Emacs may already Emacs found in Misc/python-mode.el. (But then again, more recent
have it!) This is the file Misc/python-mode.el; follow the versions of Emacs may already have it.) Follow the instructions that
instructions that came with Emacs for installation of site specific came with Emacs for installation of site-specific files.
files.
Configuration options and variables Configuration options and variables
@ -574,7 +583,7 @@ Modules/getpath.o.
prefix=DIRECTORY (and/or exec_prefix=DIRECTORY) overrides the prefix=DIRECTORY (and/or exec_prefix=DIRECTORY) overrides the
prefix set at configuration time; this may be more convenient prefix set at configuration time; this may be more convenient
than re-running the configure script if you change your mind than re-running the configure script if you change your mind
about the install prefix... about the install prefix.
--with-readline: This option is no longer supported. To use GNU --with-readline: This option is no longer supported. To use GNU
readline, enable module "readline" in the Modules/Setup file. readline, enable module "readline" in the Modules/Setup file.
@ -592,12 +601,12 @@ Modules/getpath.o.
supported by the "dl" library by Jack Jansen, which is supported by the "dl" library by Jack Jansen, which is
ftp'able from ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dl-1.6.tar.Z. ftp'able from ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dl-1.6.tar.Z.
This is enabled (after you've ftp'ed and compiled the dl This is enabled (after you've ftp'ed and compiled the dl
library!) by passing --with-sgi-dl=DIRECTORY where DIRECTORY library) by passing --with-sgi-dl=DIRECTORY where DIRECTORY
is the absolute pathname of the dl library. (Don't bother on is the absolute pathname of the dl library. (Don't bother on
IRIX 5, it already has dynamic linking using SunOS style IRIX 5, it already has dynamic linking using SunOS style
shared libraries.) Support for this feature is deprecated. shared libraries.) Support for this feature is deprecated.
--with-dl-dld: Dynamic loading of modules is rumoured to be supported --with-dl-dld: Dynamic loading of modules is rumored to be supported
on some other systems: VAX (Ultrix), Sun3 (SunOS 3.4), Sequent on some other systems: VAX (Ultrix), Sun3 (SunOS 3.4), Sequent
Symmetry (Dynix), and Atari ST. This is done using a Symmetry (Dynix), and Atari ST. This is done using a
combination of the GNU dynamic loading package combination of the GNU dynamic loading package
@ -605,8 +614,8 @@ Modules/getpath.o.
emulation of the SGI dl library mentioned above (the emulation emulation of the SGI dl library mentioned above (the emulation
can be found at can be found at
ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dld-3.2.3.tar.Z). To ftp://ftp.cwi.nl/pub/dynload/dld-3.2.3.tar.Z). To
enable this, ftp and compile both libraries, then call the enable this, ftp and compile both libraries, then call
configure passing it the option configure, passing it the option
--with-dl-dld=DL_DIRECTORY,DLD_DIRECTORY where DL_DIRECTORY is --with-dl-dld=DL_DIRECTORY,DLD_DIRECTORY where DL_DIRECTORY is
the absolute pathname of the dl emulation library and the absolute pathname of the dl emulation library and
DLD_DIRECTORY is the absolute pathname of the GNU dld library. DLD_DIRECTORY is the absolute pathname of the GNU dld library.
@ -617,19 +626,19 @@ Modules/getpath.o.
--with-libm, --with-libc: It is possible to specify alternative --with-libm, --with-libc: It is possible to specify alternative
versions for the Math library (default -lm) and the C library versions for the Math library (default -lm) and the C library
(default the empty string) using the options (default the empty string) using the options
--with-libm=STRING and --with-libc=STRING, respectively. E.g. --with-libm=STRING and --with-libc=STRING, respectively. For
if your system requires that you pass -lc_s to the C compiler example, if your system requires that you pass -lc_s to the C
to use the shared C library, you can pass --with-libc=-lc_s. compiler to use the shared C library, you can pass
These libraries are passed after all other libraries, the C --with-libc=-lc_s. These libraries are passed after all other
library last. libraries, the C library last.
--with-next-archs='arch1 arch2': Under NEXTSTEP, this will build --with-next-archs='arch1 arch2': Under NEXTSTEP, this will build
all compiled binaries with the architectures listed. Includes all compiled binaries with the architectures listed. This will
correctly setting the target architecture specific resource also correctly set the target architecture-specific resource
directory. (This option is not supported on other platforms.) directory. (This option is not supported on other platforms.)
--with-libs='libs': Add 'libs' to the LIBS that the python --with-libs='libs': Add 'libs' to the LIBS that the python interpreter
linked against. is linked against.
Building for multiple architectures (using the VPATH feature) Building for multiple architectures (using the VPATH feature)
@ -642,7 +651,7 @@ VPATH feature, you can create an empty build directory for each
architecture, and in each directory run the configure script (on the architecture, and in each directory run the configure script (on the
appropriate machine with the appropriate options). This creates the appropriate machine with the appropriate options). This creates the
necessary subdirectories and the Makefiles therein. The Makefiles necessary subdirectories and the Makefiles therein. The Makefiles
contain a line VPATH=... which points to directory containing the contain a line VPATH=... which points to a directory containing the
actual sources. (On SGI systems, use "smake -J1" instead of "make" if actual sources. (On SGI systems, use "smake -J1" instead of "make" if
you use VPATH -- don't try gnumake.) you use VPATH -- don't try gnumake.)
@ -688,7 +697,7 @@ development, join the PythonMac Special Interest Group
pythonmac-sig-request@python.org). pythonmac-sig-request@python.org).
Of course, there are also binary distributions available for these Of course, there are also binary distributions available for these
platforms -- see http://www.pythonlabs.com/downloads.html platforms -- see http://www.pythonlabs.com/downloads.html.
To port Python to a new non-UNIX system, you will have to fake the To port Python to a new non-UNIX system, you will have to fake the
effect of running the configure script manually (for Mac and PC, this effect of running the configure script manually (for Mac and PC, this
@ -709,7 +718,8 @@ Emacs mode
There's an excellent Emacs editing mode for Python code; see the file There's an excellent Emacs editing mode for Python code; see the file
Misc/python-mode.el. Originally written by the famous Tim Peters, it Misc/python-mode.el. Originally written by the famous Tim Peters, it
is now maintained by the equally famous Barry Warsaw. The latest is now maintained by the equally famous Barry Warsaw (it's no
coincidence that they now both work at PythonLabs). The latest
version, along with various other contributed Python-related Emacs version, along with various other contributed Python-related Emacs
goodies, is online at <http://www.python.org/emacs/python-mode>. And goodies, is online at <http://www.python.org/emacs/python-mode>. And
if you are planning to edit the Python C code, please pick up the if you are planning to edit the Python C code, please pick up the
@ -725,17 +735,17 @@ The Tk interface
Tk (the user interface component of John Ousterhout's Tcl language) is Tk (the user interface component of John Ousterhout's Tcl language) is
also usable from Python. Since this requires that you first build and also usable from Python. Since this requires that you first build and
install Tcl/Tk, the Tk interface is not enabled by default. Python install Tcl/Tk, the Tk interface is not enabled by default. Python
supports Tcl/Tk starting with version 8.0. supports Tcl/Tk version 8.0 and higher.
See http://dev.ajubasolutions.com/ for more info on Tcl/Tk, including See http://dev.ajubasolutions.com/ for more info on Tcl/Tk, including
the on-line manual pages. the on-line manual pages.
To enable the Python/Tk interface, once you've built and installed To enable the Python/Tk interface, once you've built and installed
Tcl/Tk, load the file Modules/Setup in your favorite text editor and Tcl/Tk, load the file Modules/Setup into your favorite text editor and
search for the string "_tkinter". Then follow the instructions found search for the string "_tkinter". Then follow the instructions found
there. If you have installed Tcl/Tk or X11 in unusual places, you there. If you have installed Tcl/Tk or X11 in unusual places, you
will have to edit the first line to fix or add -I and -L options. will have to edit the first line to fix or add the -I and -L options.
(Also see the general instructions at the top of that file.) (Also see the general instructions at the top of that file.)
For more Tkinter information, see the Tkinter Resource page: For more Tkinter information, see the Tkinter Resource page:
@ -748,8 +758,8 @@ overhauled to use more recent Tkinter coding conventions).
Note that there's a Python module called "Tkinter" (capital T) which Note that there's a Python module called "Tkinter" (capital T) which
lives in Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py, and a C module called "_tkinter" lives in Lib/lib-tk/Tkinter.py, and a C module called "_tkinter"
(lower case t and leading underscore) which lives in (lower case t and leading underscore) which lives in
Modules/_tkinter.c. Demos and normal Tk applications only import the Modules/_tkinter.c. Demos and normal Tk applications import only the
Python Tkinter module -- only the latter uses the C _tkinter module Python Tkinter module -- the latter uses the C _tkinter module
directly. In order to find the C _tkinter module, it must be compiled directly. In order to find the C _tkinter module, it must be compiled
and linked into the Python interpreter -- the _tkinter line in the and linked into the Python interpreter -- the _tkinter line in the
Setup file does this. In order to find the Python Tkinter module, Setup file does this. In order to find the Python Tkinter module,
@ -763,7 +773,7 @@ or set $PYTHONPATH for the Python Tkinter module.)
Distribution structure Distribution structure
---------------------- ----------------------
Most subdirectories have their own README file. Most files have Most subdirectories have their own README files. Most files have
comments. comments.
.cvsignore Additional filename matching patterns for CVS to ignore .cvsignore Additional filename matching patterns for CVS to ignore
@ -774,14 +784,14 @@ Grammar/ Input for the parser generator
Include/ Public header files Include/ Public header files
LICENSE Licensing information LICENSE Licensing information
Lib/ Python library modules Lib/ Python library modules
Makefile.in Source from which config.status creates Makefile Makefile.in Source from which config.status creates the Makefile
Misc/ Miscellaneous useful files Misc/ Miscellaneous useful files
Modules/ Implementation of most built-in modules Modules/ Implementation of most built-in modules
Objects/ Implementation of most built-in object types Objects/ Implementation of most built-in object types
PC/ Files specific to PC ports (DOS, Windows, OS/2) PC/ Files specific to PC ports (DOS, Windows, OS/2)
PCbuild/ Build directory for Microsoft Visual C++ PCbuild/ Build directory for Microsoft Visual C++
Parser/ The parser and tokenizer and their input handling Parser/ The parser and tokenizer and their input handling
Python/ The "compiler" and interpreter Python/ The byte-compiler and interpreter
README The file you're reading now README The file you're reading now
Tools/ Some useful programs written in Python Tools/ Some useful programs written in Python
acconfig.h Additional input for the GNU autoheader program acconfig.h Additional input for the GNU autoheader program
@ -798,7 +808,7 @@ buildno Keeps track of the build number
config.cache Cache of configuration variables config.cache Cache of configuration variables
config.h Configuration header config.h Configuration header
config.log Log from last configure run config.log Log from last configure run
config.status Status from last run of configure script config.status Status from last run of the configure script
getbuildinfo.o Object file from Modules/getbuildinfo.c getbuildinfo.o Object file from Modules/getbuildinfo.c
libpython2.0.a The library archive libpython2.0.a The library archive
python The executable interpreter python The executable interpreter