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cpython/Lib/locale.py
Martin v. Löwis 88ad12afac Patch #415777: new grouping strategy. 
fixes bug #414940, and redoes the fix for #129417 in a different way.
It also fixes a number of other problems with locale-specific formatting:
If there is leading or trailing spaces, then no grouping should be applied
in the spaces, and the total length of the string should not be changed
due to grouping.
Also added test case which works only if the en_US locale is available.
2001-04-13 08:09:50 +00:00

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""" Locale support.
The module provides low-level access to the C lib's locale APIs
and adds high level number formatting APIs as well as a locale
aliasing engine to complement these.
The aliasing engine includes support for many commonly used locale
names and maps them to values suitable for passing to the C lib's
setlocale() function. It also includes default encodings for all
supported locale names.
"""
import sys
# Try importing the _locale module.
#
# If this fails, fall back on a basic 'C' locale emulation.
# Yuck: LC_MESSAGES is non-standard: can't tell whether it exists before
# trying the import. So __all__ is also fiddled at the end of the file.
__all__ = ["setlocale","Error","localeconv","strcoll","strxfrm",
"format","str","atof","atoi","LC_CTYPE","LC_COLLATE",
"LC_TIME","LC_MONETARY","LC_NUMERIC", "LC_ALL","CHAR_MAX"]
try:
from _locale import *
except ImportError:
# Locale emulation
CHAR_MAX = 127
LC_ALL = 6
LC_COLLATE = 3
LC_CTYPE = 0
LC_MESSAGES = 5
LC_MONETARY = 4
LC_NUMERIC = 1
LC_TIME = 2
Error = ValueError
def localeconv():
""" localeconv() -> dict.
Returns numeric and monetary locale-specific parameters.
"""
# 'C' locale default values
return {'grouping': [127],
'currency_symbol': '',
'n_sign_posn': 127,
'p_cs_precedes': 127,
'n_cs_precedes': 127,
'mon_grouping': [],
'n_sep_by_space': 127,
'decimal_point': '.',
'negative_sign': '',
'positive_sign': '',
'p_sep_by_space': 127,
'int_curr_symbol': '',
'p_sign_posn': 127,
'thousands_sep': '',
'mon_thousands_sep': '',
'frac_digits': 127,
'mon_decimal_point': '',
'int_frac_digits': 127}
def setlocale(category, value=None):
""" setlocale(integer,string=None) -> string.
Activates/queries locale processing.
"""
if value is not None and value != 'C':
raise Error, '_locale emulation only supports "C" locale'
return 'C'
def strcoll(a,b):
""" strcoll(string,string) -> int.
Compares two strings according to the locale.
"""
return cmp(a,b)
def strxfrm(s):
""" strxfrm(string) -> string.
Returns a string that behaves for cmp locale-aware.
"""
return s
### Number formatting APIs
# Author: Martin von Loewis
#perform the grouping from right to left
def _group(s):
conv=localeconv()
grouping=conv['grouping']
if not grouping:return s
result=""
seps = 0
spaces = ""
if s[-1] == ' ':
sp = s.find(' ')
spaces = s[sp:]
s = s[:sp]
while s and grouping:
# if grouping is -1, we are done
if grouping[0]==CHAR_MAX:
break
# 0: re-use last group ad infinitum
elif grouping[0]!=0:
#process last group
group=grouping[0]
grouping=grouping[1:]
if result:
result=s[-group:]+conv['thousands_sep']+result
seps += 1
else:
result=s[-group:]
s=s[:-group]
if s and s[-1] not in "0123456789":
# the leading string is only spaces and signs
return s+result+spaces,seps
if not result:
return s+spaces,seps
if s:
result=s+conv['thousands_sep']+result
seps += 1
return result+spaces,seps
def format(f,val,grouping=0):
"""Formats a value in the same way that the % formatting would use,
but takes the current locale into account.
Grouping is applied if the third parameter is true."""
result = f % val
fields = result.split(".")
seps = 0
if grouping:
fields[0],seps=_group(fields[0])
if len(fields)==2:
result = fields[0]+localeconv()['decimal_point']+fields[1]
elif len(fields)==1:
result = fields[0]
else:
raise Error, "Too many decimal points in result string"
while seps:
# If the number was formatted for a specific width, then it
# might have been filled with spaces to the left or right. If
# so, kill as much spaces as there where separators.
# Leading zeroes as fillers are not yet dealt with, as it is
# not clear how they should interact with grouping.
sp = result.find(" ")
if sp==-1:break
result = result[:sp]+result[sp+1:]
seps -= 1
return result
def str(val):
"""Convert float to integer, taking the locale into account."""
return format("%.12g",val)
def atof(str,func=float):
"Parses a string as a float according to the locale settings."
#First, get rid of the grouping
ts = localeconv()['thousands_sep']
if ts:
s=str.split(ts)
str="".join(s)
#next, replace the decimal point with a dot
dd = localeconv()['decimal_point']
if dd:
s=str.split(dd)
str='.'.join(s)
#finally, parse the string
return func(str)
def atoi(str):
"Converts a string to an integer according to the locale settings."
return atof(str, int)
def _test():
setlocale(LC_ALL, "")
#do grouping
s1=format("%d", 123456789,1)
print s1, "is", atoi(s1)
#standard formatting
s1=str(3.14)
print s1, "is", atof(s1)
### Locale name aliasing engine
# Author: Marc-Andre Lemburg, mal@lemburg.com
# Various tweaks by Fredrik Lundh <effbot@telia.com>
# store away the low-level version of setlocale (it's
# overridden below)
_setlocale = setlocale
def normalize(localename):
""" Returns a normalized locale code for the given locale
name.
The returned locale code is formatted for use with
setlocale().
If normalization fails, the original name is returned
unchanged.
If the given encoding is not known, the function defaults to
the default encoding for the locale code just like setlocale()
does.
"""
# Normalize the locale name and extract the encoding
fullname = localename.lower()
if ':' in fullname:
# ':' is sometimes used as encoding delimiter.
fullname = fullname.replace(':', '.')
if '.' in fullname:
langname, encoding = fullname.split('.')[:2]
fullname = langname + '.' + encoding
else:
langname = fullname
encoding = ''
# First lookup: fullname (possibly with encoding)
code = locale_alias.get(fullname, None)
if code is not None:
return code
# Second try: langname (without encoding)
code = locale_alias.get(langname, None)
if code is not None:
if '.' in code:
langname, defenc = code.split('.')
else:
langname = code
defenc = ''
if encoding:
encoding = encoding_alias.get(encoding, encoding)
else:
encoding = defenc
if encoding:
return langname + '.' + encoding
else:
return langname
else:
return localename
def _parse_localename(localename):
""" Parses the locale code for localename and returns the
result as tuple (language code, encoding).
The localename is normalized and passed through the locale
alias engine. A ValueError is raised in case the locale name
cannot be parsed.
The language code corresponds to RFC 1766. code and encoding
can be None in case the values cannot be determined or are
unknown to this implementation.
"""
code = normalize(localename)
if '.' in code:
return code.split('.')[:2]
elif code == 'C':
return None, None
else:
raise ValueError, 'unknown locale: %s' % localename
return l
def _build_localename(localetuple):
""" Builds a locale code from the given tuple (language code,
encoding).
No aliasing or normalizing takes place.
"""
language, encoding = localetuple
if language is None:
language = 'C'
if encoding is None:
return language
else:
return language + '.' + encoding
def getdefaultlocale(envvars=('LANGUAGE', 'LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE', 'LANG')):
""" Tries to determine the default locale settings and returns
them as tuple (language code, encoding).
According to POSIX, a program which has not called
setlocale(LC_ALL, "") runs using the portable 'C' locale.
Calling setlocale(LC_ALL, "") lets it use the default locale as
defined by the LANG variable. Since we don't want to interfere
with the current locale setting we thus emulate the behavior
in the way described above.
To maintain compatibility with other platforms, not only the
LANG variable is tested, but a list of variables given as
envvars parameter. The first found to be defined will be
used. envvars defaults to the search path used in GNU gettext;
it must always contain the variable name 'LANG'.
Except for the code 'C', the language code corresponds to RFC
1766. code and encoding can be None in case the values cannot
be determined.
"""
try:
# check if it's supported by the _locale module
import _locale
code, encoding = _locale._getdefaultlocale()
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
pass
else:
# make sure the code/encoding values are valid
if sys.platform == "win32" and code and code[:2] == "0x":
# map windows language identifier to language name
code = windows_locale.get(int(code, 0))
# ...add other platform-specific processing here, if
# necessary...
return code, encoding
# fall back on POSIX behaviour
import os
lookup = os.environ.get
for variable in envvars:
localename = lookup(variable,None)
if localename is not None:
break
else:
localename = 'C'
return _parse_localename(localename)
def getlocale(category=LC_CTYPE):
""" Returns the current setting for the given locale category as
tuple (language code, encoding).
category may be one of the LC_* value except LC_ALL. It
defaults to LC_CTYPE.
Except for the code 'C', the language code corresponds to RFC
1766. code and encoding can be None in case the values cannot
be determined.
"""
localename = _setlocale(category)
if category == LC_ALL and ';' in localename:
raise TypeError, 'category LC_ALL is not supported'
return _parse_localename(localename)
def setlocale(category, locale=None):
""" Set the locale for the given category. The locale can be
a string, a locale tuple (language code, encoding), or None.
Locale tuples are converted to strings the locale aliasing
engine. Locale strings are passed directly to the C lib.
category may be given as one of the LC_* values.
"""
if locale and type(locale) is not type(""):
# convert to string
locale = normalize(_build_localename(locale))
return _setlocale(category, locale)
def resetlocale(category=LC_ALL):
""" Sets the locale for category to the default setting.
The default setting is determined by calling
getdefaultlocale(). category defaults to LC_ALL.
"""
_setlocale(category, _build_localename(getdefaultlocale()))
### Database
#
# The following data was extracted from the locale.alias file which
# comes with X11 and then hand edited removing the explicit encoding
# definitions and adding some more aliases. The file is usually
# available as /usr/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias.
#
#
# The encoding_alias table maps lowercase encoding alias names to C
# locale encoding names (case-sensitive).
#
encoding_alias = {
'437': 'C',
'c': 'C',
'iso8859': 'ISO8859-1',
'8859': 'ISO8859-1',
'88591': 'ISO8859-1',
'ascii': 'ISO8859-1',
'en': 'ISO8859-1',
'iso88591': 'ISO8859-1',
'iso_8859-1': 'ISO8859-1',
'885915': 'ISO8859-15',
'iso885915': 'ISO8859-15',
'iso_8859-15': 'ISO8859-15',
'iso8859-2': 'ISO8859-2',
'iso88592': 'ISO8859-2',
'iso_8859-2': 'ISO8859-2',
'iso88595': 'ISO8859-5',
'iso88596': 'ISO8859-6',
'iso88597': 'ISO8859-7',
'iso88598': 'ISO8859-8',
'iso88599': 'ISO8859-9',
'iso-2022-jp': 'JIS7',
'jis': 'JIS7',
'jis7': 'JIS7',
'sjis': 'SJIS',
'tis620': 'TACTIS',
'ajec': 'eucJP',
'eucjp': 'eucJP',
'ujis': 'eucJP',
'utf-8': 'utf',
'utf8': 'utf',
'utf8@ucs4': 'utf',
}
#
# The locale_alias table maps lowercase alias names to C locale names
# (case-sensitive). Encodings are always separated from the locale
# name using a dot ('.'); they should only be given in case the
# language name is needed to interpret the given encoding alias
# correctly (CJK codes often have this need).
#
locale_alias = {
'american': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'ar': 'ar_AA.ISO8859-6',
'ar_aa': 'ar_AA.ISO8859-6',
'ar_sa': 'ar_SA.ISO8859-6',
'arabic': 'ar_AA.ISO8859-6',
'bg': 'bg_BG.ISO8859-5',
'bg_bg': 'bg_BG.ISO8859-5',
'bulgarian': 'bg_BG.ISO8859-5',
'c-french': 'fr_CA.ISO8859-1',
'c': 'C',
'c_c': 'C',
'cextend': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'chinese-s': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'chinese-t': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
'croatian': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'cs': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cs_cs': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cs_cz': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cz': 'cz_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cz_cz': 'cz_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'czech': 'cs_CS.ISO8859-2',
'da': 'da_DK.ISO8859-1',
'da_dk': 'da_DK.ISO8859-1',
'danish': 'da_DK.ISO8859-1',
'de': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'de_at': 'de_AT.ISO8859-1',
'de_ch': 'de_CH.ISO8859-1',
'de_de': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'dutch': 'nl_BE.ISO8859-1',
'ee': 'ee_EE.ISO8859-4',
'el': 'el_GR.ISO8859-7',
'el_gr': 'el_GR.ISO8859-7',
'en': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'en_au': 'en_AU.ISO8859-1',
'en_ca': 'en_CA.ISO8859-1',
'en_gb': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'en_ie': 'en_IE.ISO8859-1',
'en_nz': 'en_NZ.ISO8859-1',
'en_uk': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'en_us': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'eng_gb': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'english': 'en_EN.ISO8859-1',
'english_uk': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'english_united-states': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'english_us': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'es': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'es_ar': 'es_AR.ISO8859-1',
'es_bo': 'es_BO.ISO8859-1',
'es_cl': 'es_CL.ISO8859-1',
'es_co': 'es_CO.ISO8859-1',
'es_cr': 'es_CR.ISO8859-1',
'es_ec': 'es_EC.ISO8859-1',
'es_es': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'es_gt': 'es_GT.ISO8859-1',
'es_mx': 'es_MX.ISO8859-1',
'es_ni': 'es_NI.ISO8859-1',
'es_pa': 'es_PA.ISO8859-1',
'es_pe': 'es_PE.ISO8859-1',
'es_py': 'es_PY.ISO8859-1',
'es_sv': 'es_SV.ISO8859-1',
'es_uy': 'es_UY.ISO8859-1',
'es_ve': 'es_VE.ISO8859-1',
'et': 'et_EE.ISO8859-4',
'et_ee': 'et_EE.ISO8859-4',
'fi': 'fi_FI.ISO8859-1',
'fi_fi': 'fi_FI.ISO8859-1',
'finnish': 'fi_FI.ISO8859-1',
'fr': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'fr_be': 'fr_BE.ISO8859-1',
'fr_ca': 'fr_CA.ISO8859-1',
'fr_ch': 'fr_CH.ISO8859-1',
'fr_fr': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'fre_fr': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'french': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'french_france': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'ger_de': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'german': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'german_germany': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'greek': 'el_GR.ISO8859-7',
'hebrew': 'iw_IL.ISO8859-8',
'hr': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'hr_hr': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'hu': 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2',
'hu_hu': 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2',
'hungarian': 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2',
'icelandic': 'is_IS.ISO8859-1',
'id': 'id_ID.ISO8859-1',
'id_id': 'id_ID.ISO8859-1',
'is': 'is_IS.ISO8859-1',
'is_is': 'is_IS.ISO8859-1',
'iso-8859-1': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'iso-8859-15': 'en_US.ISO8859-15',
'iso8859-1': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'iso8859-15': 'en_US.ISO8859-15',
'iso_8859_1': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'iso_8859_15': 'en_US.ISO8859-15',
'it': 'it_IT.ISO8859-1',
'it_ch': 'it_CH.ISO8859-1',
'it_it': 'it_IT.ISO8859-1',
'italian': 'it_IT.ISO8859-1',
'iw': 'iw_IL.ISO8859-8',
'iw_il': 'iw_IL.ISO8859-8',
'ja': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja.jis': 'ja_JP.JIS7',
'ja.sjis': 'ja_JP.SJIS',
'ja_jp': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp.ajec': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp.euc': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp.eucjp': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp.iso-2022-jp': 'ja_JP.JIS7',
'ja_jp.jis': 'ja_JP.JIS7',
'ja_jp.jis7': 'ja_JP.JIS7',
'ja_jp.mscode': 'ja_JP.SJIS',
'ja_jp.sjis': 'ja_JP.SJIS',
'ja_jp.ujis': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'japan': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'japanese': 'ja_JP.SJIS',
'japanese-euc': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'japanese.euc': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'jp_jp': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ko': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'ko_kr': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'ko_kr.euc': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'korean': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'lt': 'lt_LT.ISO8859-4',
'lv': 'lv_LV.ISO8859-4',
'mk': 'mk_MK.ISO8859-5',
'mk_mk': 'mk_MK.ISO8859-5',
'nl': 'nl_NL.ISO8859-1',
'nl_be': 'nl_BE.ISO8859-1',
'nl_nl': 'nl_NL.ISO8859-1',
'no': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'no_no': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'norwegian': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'pl': 'pl_PL.ISO8859-2',
'pl_pl': 'pl_PL.ISO8859-2',
'polish': 'pl_PL.ISO8859-2',
'portuguese': 'pt_PT.ISO8859-1',
'portuguese_brazil': 'pt_BR.ISO8859-1',
'posix': 'C',
'posix-utf2': 'C',
'pt': 'pt_PT.ISO8859-1',
'pt_br': 'pt_BR.ISO8859-1',
'pt_pt': 'pt_PT.ISO8859-1',
'ro': 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2',
'ro_ro': 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2',
'ru': 'ru_RU.ISO8859-5',
'ru_ru': 'ru_RU.ISO8859-5',
'rumanian': 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2',
'russian': 'ru_RU.ISO8859-5',
'serbocroatian': 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2',
'sh': 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2',
'sh_hr': 'sh_HR.ISO8859-2',
'sh_sp': 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2',
'sh_yu': 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2',
'sk': 'sk_SK.ISO8859-2',
'sk_sk': 'sk_SK.ISO8859-2',
'sl': 'sl_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sl_cs': 'sl_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sl_si': 'sl_SI.ISO8859-2',
'slovak': 'sk_SK.ISO8859-2',
'slovene': 'sl_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sp': 'sp_YU.ISO8859-5',
'sp_yu': 'sp_YU.ISO8859-5',
'spanish': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'spanish_spain': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'sr_sp': 'sr_SP.ISO8859-2',
'sv': 'sv_SE.ISO8859-1',
'sv_se': 'sv_SE.ISO8859-1',
'swedish': 'sv_SE.ISO8859-1',
'th_th': 'th_TH.TACTIS',
'tr': 'tr_TR.ISO8859-9',
'tr_tr': 'tr_TR.ISO8859-9',
'turkish': 'tr_TR.ISO8859-9',
'univ': 'en_US.utf',
'universal': 'en_US.utf',
'zh': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'zh_cn': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'zh_cn.big5': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
'zh_cn.euc': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'zh_tw': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
'zh_tw.euc': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
}
#
# this maps windows language identifiers (as used on Windows 95 and
# earlier) to locale strings.
#
# NOTE: this mapping is incomplete. If your language is missing, send
# a note with the missing language identifier and the suggested locale
# code to Fredrik Lundh <effbot@telia.com>. Thanks /F
windows_locale = {
0x0404: "zh_TW", # Chinese (Taiwan)
0x0804: "zh_CN", # Chinese (PRC)
0x0406: "da_DK", # Danish
0x0413: "nl_NL", # Dutch (Netherlands)
0x0409: "en_US", # English (United States)
0x0809: "en_UK", # English (United Kingdom)
0x0c09: "en_AU", # English (Australian)
0x1009: "en_CA", # English (Canadian)
0x1409: "en_NZ", # English (New Zealand)
0x1809: "en_IE", # English (Ireland)
0x1c09: "en_ZA", # English (South Africa)
0x040b: "fi_FI", # Finnish
0x040c: "fr_FR", # French (Standard)
0x080c: "fr_BE", # French (Belgian)
0x0c0c: "fr_CA", # French (Canadian)
0x100c: "fr_CH", # French (Switzerland)
0x0407: "de_DE", # German (Standard)
0x0408: "el_GR", # Greek
0x040d: "iw_IL", # Hebrew
0x040f: "is_IS", # Icelandic
0x0410: "it_IT", # Italian (Standard)
0x0411: "ja_JA", # Japanese
0x0414: "no_NO", # Norwegian (Bokmal)
0x0816: "pt_PT", # Portuguese (Standard)
0x0c0a: "es_ES", # Spanish (Modern Sort)
0x0441: "sw_KE", # Swahili (Kenya)
0x041d: "sv_SE", # Swedish
0x081d: "sv_FI", # Swedish (Finland)
0x041f: "tr_TR", # Turkish
}
def _print_locale():
""" Test function.
"""
categories = {}
def _init_categories(categories=categories):
for k,v in globals().items():
if k[:3] == 'LC_':
categories[k] = v
_init_categories()
del categories['LC_ALL']
print 'Locale defaults as determined by getdefaultlocale():'
print '-'*72
lang, enc = getdefaultlocale()
print 'Language: ', lang or '(undefined)'
print 'Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)'
print
print 'Locale settings on startup:'
print '-'*72
for name,category in categories.items():
print name, '...'
lang, enc = getlocale(category)
print ' Language: ', lang or '(undefined)'
print ' Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)'
print
print
print 'Locale settings after calling resetlocale():'
print '-'*72
resetlocale()
for name,category in categories.items():
print name, '...'
lang, enc = getlocale(category)
print ' Language: ', lang or '(undefined)'
print ' Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)'
print
try:
setlocale(LC_ALL, "")
except:
print 'NOTE:'
print 'setlocale(LC_ALL, "") does not support the default locale'
print 'given in the OS environment variables.'
else:
print
print 'Locale settings after calling setlocale(LC_ALL, ""):'
print '-'*72
for name,category in categories.items():
print name, '...'
lang, enc = getlocale(category)
print ' Language: ', lang or '(undefined)'
print ' Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)'
print
###
try:
LC_MESSAGES
except:
pass
else:
__all__.append("LC_MESSAGES")
if __name__=='__main__':
print 'Locale aliasing:'
print
_print_locale()
print
print 'Number formatting:'
print
_test()
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