2009-05-05 22:40:09 -07:00
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/*
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2010-05-25 15:58:33 -07:00
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* Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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2009-05-05 22:40:09 -07:00
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* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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*
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* This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
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2010-05-25 15:58:33 -07:00
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* published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
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2009-05-05 22:40:09 -07:00
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* particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
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2010-05-25 15:58:33 -07:00
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* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
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2009-05-05 22:40:09 -07:00
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*
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* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
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* ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
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* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
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* version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
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* accompanied this code).
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*
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* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
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* 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
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* Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
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*
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2010-05-25 15:58:33 -07:00
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* Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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* or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
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* questions.
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2009-05-05 22:40:09 -07:00
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*/
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/**
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2010-01-07 16:16:45 -08:00
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* <em>PROVISIONAL API, WORK IN PROGRESS:</em>
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2009-05-05 22:40:09 -07:00
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* This package contains dynamic language support provided directly by
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* the Java core class libraries and virtual machine.
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2010-04-30 23:48:23 -07:00
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* <p>
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* Certain types in this package have special relations to dynamic
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* language support in the virtual machine:
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* <ul>
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* <li>In source code, a call to
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* {@link java.dyn.MethodHandle#invokeExact MethodHandle.invokeExact} or
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* {@link java.dyn.MethodHandle#invokeGeneric MethodHandle.invokeGeneric}
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* will compile and link, regardless of the requested type signature.
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* As usual, the Java compiler emits an {@code invokevirtual}
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* instruction with the given signature against the named method.
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* The JVM links any such call (regardless of signature) to a dynamically
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* typed method handle invocation. In the case of {@code invokeGeneric},
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* argument and return value conversions are applied.
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*
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* <li>In source code, the class {@link java.dyn.InvokeDynamic} appears to accept
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* any static method invocation, of any name and any signature.
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* But instead of emitting
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* an {@code invokestatic} instruction for such a call, the Java compiler emits
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* an {@code invokedynamic} instruction with the given name and signature.
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*
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* <li>When the JVM links an {@code invokedynamic} instruction, it calls the
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* {@linkplain java.dyn.Linkage#registerBootstrapMethod(Class, MethodHandle) bootstrap method}
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* of the containing class to obtain a {@linkplain java.dyn.CallSite call site} object through which
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* the call site will link its target {@linkplain java.dyn.MethodHandle method handle}.
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*
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* <li>The JVM bytecode format supports immediate constants of
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* the classes {@link java.dyn.MethodHandle} and {@link java.dyn.MethodType}.
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* </ul>
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*
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* <h2><a name="jvm_mods"></a>Corresponding JVM bytecode format changes</h2>
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* <em>The following low-level information is presented here as a preview of
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* changes being made to the Java Virtual Machine specification for JSR 292.</em>
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*
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* <h3>{@code invokedynamic} instruction format</h3>
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* In bytecode, an {@code invokedynamic} instruction is formatted as five bytes.
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* The first byte is the opcode 186 (hexadecimal {@code BA}).
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* The next two bytes are a constant pool index (in the same format as for the other {@code invoke} instructions).
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* The final two bytes are reserved for future use and required to be zero.
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* The constant pool reference is to a entry with tag {@code CONSTANT_NameAndType}
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* (decimal 12). It is thus not a method reference of any sort, but merely
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* the method name, argument types, and return type of the dynamic call site.
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* <em>(TBD: The EG is discussing the possibility of a special constant pool entry type,
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* so that other information may be added, such as a per-instruction bootstrap
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* method and/or annotations.)</em>
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*
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* <h3>constant pool entries for {@code MethodType}s</h3>
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* If a constant pool entry has the tag {@code CONSTANT_MethodType} (decimal 16),
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* it must contain exactly two more bytes, which are an index to a {@code CONSTANT_Utf8}
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* entry which represents a method type signature. The JVM will ensure that on first
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* execution of an {@code ldc} instruction for this entry, a {@link java.dyn.MethodType}
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* will be created which represents the signature.
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* Any classes mentioned in the {@code MethodType} will be loaded if necessary,
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* but not initialized.
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* Access checking and error reporting is performed exactly as it is for
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* references by {@code ldc} instructions to {@code CONSTANT_Class} constants.
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*
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* <h3>constant pool entries for {@code MethodHandle}s</h3>
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* If a constant pool entry has the tag {@code CONSTANT_MethodHandle} (decimal 15),
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* it must contain exactly three more bytes. The first byte after the tag is a subtag
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* value in the range 1 through 9, and the last two are an index to a
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* {@code CONSTANT_Fieldref}, {@code CONSTANT_Methodref}, or
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* {@code CONSTANT_InterfaceMethodref} entry which represents a field or method
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* for which a method handle is to be created.
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* The JVM will ensure that on first execution of an {@code ldc} instruction
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* for this entry, a {@link java.dyn.MethodHandle} will be created which represents
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* the field or method reference, according to the specific mode implied by the subtag.
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* <p>
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* As with {@code CONSTANT_Class} and {@code CONSTANT_MethodType} constants,
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* the {@code Class} or {@code MethodType} object which reifies the field or method's
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* type is created. Any classes mentioned in this reificaiton will be loaded if necessary,
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* but not initialized, and access checking and error reporting performed as usual.
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* <p>
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* The method handle itself will have a type and behavior determined by the subtag as follows:
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* <code>
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* <table border=1 cellpadding=5 summary="CONSTANT_MethodHandle subtypes">
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* <tr><th>N</th><th>subtag name</th><th>member</th><th>MH type</th><th>MH behavior</th></tr>
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* <tr><td>1</td><td>REF_getField</td><td>C.f:T</td><td>(C)T</td><td>getfield C.f:T</td></tr>
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* <tr><td>2</td><td>REF_getStatic</td><td>C.f:T</td><td>( )T</td><td>getstatic C.f:T</td></tr>
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* <tr><td>3</td><td>REF_putField</td><td>C.f:T</td><td>(C,T)void</td><td>putfield C.f:T</td></tr>
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* <tr><td>4</td><td>REF_putStatic</td><td>C.f:T</td><td>(T)void</td><td>putstatic C.f:T</td></tr>
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* <tr><td>5</td><td>REF_invokeVirtual</td><td>C.m(A*)T</td><td>(C,A*)T</td><td>invokevirtual C.m(A*)T</td></tr>
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* <tr><td>6</td><td>REF_invokeStatic</td><td>C.m(A*)T</td><td>(C,A*)T</td><td>invokestatic C.m(A*)T</td></tr>
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* <tr><td>7</td><td>REF_invokeSpecial</td><td>C.m(A*)T</td><td>(C,A*)T</td><td>invokespecial C.m(A*)T</td></tr>
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* <tr><td>8</td><td>REF_newInvokeSpecial</td><td>C.<init>(A*)void</td><td>(A*)C</td><td>new C; dup; invokespecial C.<init>(A*)void</td></tr>
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* <tr><td>9</td><td>REF_invokeInterface</td><td>C.m(A*)T</td><td>(C,A*)T</td><td>invokeinterface C.m(A*)T</td></tr>
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* </table>
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* </code>
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* <p>
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* The special names {@code <init>} and {@code <clinit>} are not allowed except for subtag 8 as shown.
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* <p>
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* The verifier applies the same access checks and restrictions for these references as for the hypothetical
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* bytecode instructions specified in the last column of the table. In particular, method handles to
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* private and protected members can be created in exactly those classes for which the corresponding
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* normal accesses are legal.
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* <p>
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* None of these constant types force class initialization.
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* Method handles for subtags {@code REF_getStatic}, {@code REF_putStatic}, and {@code REF_invokeStatic}
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* may force class initialization on their first invocation, just like the corresponding bytecodes.
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*
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2009-05-05 22:40:09 -07:00
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* @author John Rose, JSR 292 EG
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*/
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package java.dyn;
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