8342818: Implement JEP 509: JFR CPU-Time Profiling

Reviewed-by: mgronlun, mdoerr, pchilanomate, apangin, shade

src/hotspot/os/posix/signals_posix.cpp

@@ -1505,6 +1505,14 @@ bool PosixSignals::is_sig_ignored(int sig) {
   }
 }
 
+void* PosixSignals::get_signal_handler_for_signal(int sig) {
+  struct sigaction oact;
+  if (sigaction(sig, (struct sigaction*)nullptr, &oact) == -1) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return get_signal_handler(&oact);
+}
+
 static void signal_sets_init() {
   sigemptyset(&preinstalled_sigs);
 

src/hotspot/os/posix/signals_posix.hpp

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ public:
 
   static bool is_sig_ignored(int sig);
 
+  static void* get_signal_handler_for_signal(int sig);
+
   static void hotspot_sigmask(Thread* thread);
 
   static void print_signal_handler(outputStream* st, int sig, char* buf, size_t buflen);

src/hotspot/share/jfr/jfr.inline.hpp

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@
 
 inline bool Jfr::has_sample_request(JavaThread* jt) {
   assert(jt != nullptr, "invariant");
-  return jt->jfr_thread_local()->has_sample_request();
+  JfrThreadLocal* tl = jt->jfr_thread_local();
+  return tl->has_sample_request() || tl->has_cpu_time_jfr_requests();
 }
 
 inline void Jfr::check_and_process_sample_request(JavaThread* jt) {

src/hotspot/share/jfr/jni/jfrJniMethod.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 
 #include "jfr/jfr.hpp"
 #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
+#include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrCPUTimeThreadSampler.hpp"
 #include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrThreadSampler.hpp"
 #include "jfr/recorder/jfrEventSetting.hpp"
 #include "jfr/recorder/jfrRecorder.hpp"
@@ -169,6 +170,11 @@ NO_TRANSITION(jboolean, jfr_set_throttle(JNIEnv* env, jclass jvm, jlong event_ty
   return JNI_TRUE;
 NO_TRANSITION_END
 
+JVM_ENTRY_NO_ENV(void, jfr_set_cpu_throttle(JNIEnv* env, jclass jvm, jdouble rate, jboolean auto_adapt))
+  JfrEventSetting::set_enabled(JfrCPUTimeSampleEvent, rate > 0);
+  JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::set_rate(rate, auto_adapt == JNI_TRUE);
+JVM_END
+
 NO_TRANSITION(void, jfr_set_miscellaneous(JNIEnv* env, jclass jvm, jlong event_type_id, jlong value))
   JfrEventSetting::set_miscellaneous(event_type_id, value);
   const JfrEventId typed_event_id = (JfrEventId)event_type_id;

src/hotspot/share/jfr/jni/jfrJniMethod.hpp

@@ -129,6 +129,8 @@ jlong JNICALL jfr_get_unloaded_event_classes_count(JNIEnv* env, jclass jvm);
 
 jboolean JNICALL jfr_set_throttle(JNIEnv* env, jclass jvm, jlong event_type_id, jlong event_sample_size, jlong period_ms);
 
+void JNICALL jfr_set_cpu_throttle(JNIEnv* env, jclass jvm, jdouble rate, jboolean auto_adapt);
+
 void JNICALL jfr_set_miscellaneous(JNIEnv* env, jclass jvm, jlong id, jlong value);
 
 void JNICALL jfr_emit_old_object_samples(JNIEnv* env, jclass jvm, jlong cutoff_ticks, jboolean, jboolean);

src/hotspot/share/jfr/jni/jfrJniMethodRegistration.cpp

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ JfrJniMethodRegistration::JfrJniMethodRegistration(JNIEnv* env) {
       (char*)"getUnloadedEventClassCount", (char*)"()J", (void*)jfr_get_unloaded_event_classes_count,
       (char*)"setMiscellaneous", (char*)"(JJ)V", (void*)jfr_set_miscellaneous,
       (char*)"setThrottle", (char*)"(JJJ)Z", (void*)jfr_set_throttle,
+      (char*)"setCPUThrottle", (char*)"(DZ)V", (void*)jfr_set_cpu_throttle,
       (char*)"emitOldObjectSamples", (char*)"(JZZ)V", (void*)jfr_emit_old_object_samples,
       (char*)"shouldRotateDisk", (char*)"()Z", (void*)jfr_should_rotate_disk,
       (char*)"exclude", (char*)"(Ljava/lang/Thread;)V", (void*)jfr_exclude_thread,

src/hotspot/share/jfr/metadata/metadata.xml

@@ -962,6 +962,22 @@
     <Field type="ThreadState" name="state" label="Thread State" />
   </Event>
 
+  <Event name="CPUTimeSample" category="Java Virtual Machine, Profiling" label="CPU Time Method Sample"
+    description="Snapshot of a threads state from the CPU time sampler. The throttle can be either an upper bound for the event emission rate, e.g. 100/s, or the cpu-time period, e.g. 10ms, with s, ms, us and ns supported as time units."
+    throttle="true" thread="false" experimental="true" startTime="false">
+    <Field type="StackTrace" name="stackTrace" label="Stack Trace" />
+    <Field type="Thread" name="eventThread" label="Thread" />
+    <Field type="boolean" name="failed" label="Failed" description="Failed to obtain the stack trace" />
+    <Field type="Tickspan" name="samplingPeriod" label="CPU Time Sampling Period"/>
+    <Field type="boolean" name="biased" label="Biased" description="The sample is safepoint-biased" />
+  </Event>
+
+  <Event name="CPUTimeSamplesLost" category="Java Virtual Machine, Profiling" label="CPU Time Method Profiling Lost Samples" description="Records that the CPU time sampler lost samples"
+    thread="false" stackTrace="false" startTime="false" experimental="true">
+    <Field type="int" name="lostSamples" label="Lost Samples" />
+    <Field type="Thread" name="eventThread" label="Thread" />
+  </Event>
+
   <Event name="ThreadDump" category="Java Virtual Machine, Runtime" label="Thread Dump" period="everyChunk">
     <Field type="string" name="result" label="Thread Dump" />
   </Event>

src/hotspot/share/jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrCPUTimeThreadSampler.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,769 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrCPUTimeThreadSampler.hpp"
+#include "logging/log.hpp"
+
+
+#if defined(LINUX)
+#include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrThreadSampling.hpp"
+#include "jfr/support/jfrThreadLocal.hpp"
+#include "jfr/utilities/jfrTime.hpp"
+#include "jfr/utilities/jfrThreadIterator.hpp"
+#include "jfr/utilities/jfrTypes.hpp"
+#include "jfrfiles/jfrEventClasses.hpp"
+#include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
+#include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
+#include "runtime/javaThread.hpp"
+#include "runtime/osThread.hpp"
+#include "runtime/safepointMechanism.inline.hpp"
+#include "runtime/threadSMR.hpp"
+#include "runtime/vmOperation.hpp"
+#include "runtime/vmThread.hpp"
+#include "utilities/ticks.hpp"
+
+#include "signals_posix.hpp"
+
+static const int64_t AUTOADAPT_INTERVAL_MS = 100;
+
+static bool is_excluded(JavaThread* jt) {
+  return jt->is_hidden_from_external_view() ||
+         jt->jfr_thread_local()->is_excluded() ||
+         jt->is_JfrRecorder_thread();
+}
+
+static JavaThread* get_java_thread_if_valid() {
+  Thread* raw_thread = Thread::current_or_null_safe();
+  if (raw_thread == nullptr) {
+    // probably while shutting down
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  assert(raw_thread->is_Java_thread(), "invariant");
+  JavaThread* jt = JavaThread::cast(raw_thread);
+  if (is_excluded(jt) || jt->is_exiting()) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+  return jt;
+}
+
+JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue(u4 capacity) :
+  _capacity(capacity), _head(0), _lost_samples(0) {
+  _data = JfrCHeapObj::new_array<JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest>(capacity);
+}
+
+JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::~JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue() {
+  JfrCHeapObj::free(_data, _capacity * sizeof(JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest));
+}
+
+bool JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::enqueue(JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest& request) {
+  assert(JavaThread::current()->jfr_thread_local()->is_cpu_time_jfr_enqueue_locked(), "invariant");
+  assert(&JavaThread::current()->jfr_thread_local()->cpu_time_jfr_queue() == this, "invariant");
+  u4 elementIndex;
+  do {
+    elementIndex = Atomic::load_acquire(&_head);
+    if (elementIndex >= _capacity) {
+      return false;
+    }
+  } while (Atomic::cmpxchg(&_head, elementIndex, elementIndex + 1) != elementIndex);
+  _data[elementIndex] = request;
+  return true;
+}
+
+JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest& JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::at(u4 index) {
+  assert(index < _head, "invariant");
+  return _data[index];
+}
+
+static volatile u4 _lost_samples_sum = 0;
+
+u4 JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::size() const {
+  return Atomic::load_acquire(&_head);
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::set_size(u4 size) {
+  Atomic::release_store(&_head, size);
+}
+
+u4 JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::capacity() const {
+  return _capacity;
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::set_capacity(u4 capacity) {
+  _head = 0;
+  JfrCHeapObj::free(_data, _capacity * sizeof(JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest));
+  _data = JfrCHeapObj::new_array<JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest>(capacity);
+  _capacity = capacity;
+}
+
+bool JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::is_empty() const {
+  return Atomic::load_acquire(&_head) == 0;
+}
+
+u4 JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::lost_samples() const {
+  return Atomic::load(&_lost_samples);
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::increment_lost_samples() {
+  Atomic::inc(&_lost_samples_sum);
+  Atomic::inc(&_lost_samples);
+}
+
+u4 JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::get_and_reset_lost_samples() {
+  return Atomic::xchg(&_lost_samples, (u4)0);
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::resize(u4 capacity) {
+  if (capacity != _capacity) {
+    set_capacity(capacity);
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::resize_for_period(u4 period_millis) {
+  u4 capacity = CPU_TIME_QUEUE_CAPACITY;
+  if (period_millis > 0 && period_millis < 10) {
+    capacity = (u4) ((double) capacity * 10 / period_millis);
+  }
+  resize(capacity);
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue::clear() {
+  Atomic::release_store(&_head, (u4)0);
+}
+
+static int64_t compute_sampling_period(double rate) {
+  if (rate == 0) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  return os::active_processor_count() * 1000000000.0 / rate;
+}
+
+class JfrCPUSamplerThread : public NonJavaThread {
+  friend class JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling;
+ private:
+  Semaphore _sample;
+  NonJavaThread* _sampler_thread;
+  double _rate;
+  bool _auto_adapt;
+  volatile int64_t _current_sampling_period_ns;
+  volatile bool _disenrolled;
+  // top bit is used to indicate that no signal handler should proceed
+  volatile u4 _active_signal_handlers;
+  volatile bool _is_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests_triggered;
+  volatile bool _warned_about_timer_creation_failure;
+  volatile bool _signal_handler_installed;
+
+  static const u4 STOP_SIGNAL_BIT = 0x80000000;
+
+  JfrCPUSamplerThread(double rate, bool auto_adapt);
+
+  void start_thread();
+
+  void enroll();
+  void disenroll();
+  void update_all_thread_timers();
+
+  void auto_adapt_period_if_needed();
+
+  void set_rate(double rate, bool auto_adapt);
+  int64_t get_sampling_period() const { return Atomic::load(&_current_sampling_period_ns); };
+
+  void sample_thread(JfrSampleRequest& request, void* ucontext, JavaThread* jt, JfrThreadLocal* tl, JfrTicks& now);
+
+  // process the queues for all threads that are in native state (and requested to be processed)
+  void stackwalk_threads_in_native();
+  bool create_timer_for_thread(JavaThread* thread, timer_t &timerid);
+
+  void stop_signal_handlers();
+
+  // returns false if the stop signal bit was set, true otherwise
+  bool increment_signal_handler_count();
+
+  void decrement_signal_handler_count();
+
+  void initialize_active_signal_handler_counter();
+
+protected:
+  virtual void post_run();
+public:
+  virtual const char* name() const { return "JFR CPU Sampler Thread"; }
+  virtual const char* type_name() const { return "JfrCPUTimeSampler"; }
+  void run();
+  void on_javathread_create(JavaThread* thread);
+  void on_javathread_terminate(JavaThread* thread);
+
+  void handle_timer_signal(siginfo_t* info, void* context);
+  bool init_timers();
+  void stop_timer();
+
+  void trigger_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests();
+};
+
+JfrCPUSamplerThread::JfrCPUSamplerThread(double rate, bool auto_adapt) :
+  _sample(),
+  _sampler_thread(nullptr),
+  _rate(rate),
+  _auto_adapt(auto_adapt),
+  _current_sampling_period_ns(compute_sampling_period(rate)),
+  _disenrolled(true),
+  _active_signal_handlers(STOP_SIGNAL_BIT),
+  _is_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests_triggered(false),
+  _warned_about_timer_creation_failure(false),
+  _signal_handler_installed(false) {
+  assert(rate >= 0, "invariant");
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::trigger_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests() {
+  Atomic::release_store(&_is_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests_triggered, true);
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::on_javathread_create(JavaThread* thread) {
+  if (thread->is_hidden_from_external_view() || thread->is_JfrRecorder_thread() ||
+      !Atomic::load_acquire(&_signal_handler_installed)) {
+    return;
+  }
+  JfrThreadLocal* tl = thread->jfr_thread_local();
+  assert(tl != nullptr, "invariant");
+  tl->cpu_time_jfr_queue().resize_for_period(_current_sampling_period_ns / 1000000);
+  timer_t timerid;
+  if (create_timer_for_thread(thread, timerid)) {
+    tl->set_cpu_timer(&timerid);
+  } else {
+    if (!Atomic::or_then_fetch(&_warned_about_timer_creation_failure, true)) {
+      log_warning(jfr)("Failed to create timer for a thread");
+    }
+    tl->deallocate_cpu_time_jfr_queue();
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::on_javathread_terminate(JavaThread* thread) {
+  JfrThreadLocal* tl = thread->jfr_thread_local();
+  assert(tl != nullptr, "invariant");
+  timer_t* timer = tl->cpu_timer();
+  if (timer == nullptr) {
+    return; // no timer was created for this thread
+  }
+  tl->unset_cpu_timer();
+  tl->deallocate_cpu_time_jfr_queue();
+  s4 lost_samples = tl->cpu_time_jfr_queue().lost_samples();
+  if (lost_samples > 0) {
+    JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::send_lost_event(JfrTicks::now(), JfrThreadLocal::thread_id(thread), lost_samples);
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::start_thread() {
+  if (os::create_thread(this, os::os_thread)) {
+    os::start_thread(this);
+  } else {
+    log_error(jfr)("Failed to create thread for thread sampling");
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::enroll() {
+  if (Atomic::cmpxchg(&_disenrolled, true, false)) {
+    Atomic::store(&_warned_about_timer_creation_failure, false);
+    initialize_active_signal_handler_counter();
+    log_trace(jfr)("Enrolling CPU thread sampler");
+    _sample.signal();
+    if (!init_timers()) {
+      log_error(jfr)("Failed to initialize timers for CPU thread sampler");
+      disenroll();
+      return;
+    }
+    log_trace(jfr)("Enrolled CPU thread sampler");
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::disenroll() {
+  if (!Atomic::cmpxchg(&_disenrolled, false, true)) {
+    log_trace(jfr)("Disenrolling CPU thread sampler");
+    if (Atomic::load_acquire(&_signal_handler_installed)) {
+      stop_timer();
+      stop_signal_handlers();
+    }
+    _sample.wait();
+    log_trace(jfr)("Disenrolled CPU thread sampler");
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::run() {
+  assert(_sampler_thread == nullptr, "invariant");
+  _sampler_thread = this;
+  int64_t last_auto_adapt_check = os::javaTimeNanos();
+  while (true) {
+    if (!_sample.trywait()) {
+      // disenrolled
+      _sample.wait();
+    }
+    _sample.signal();
+
+    if (os::javaTimeNanos() - last_auto_adapt_check > AUTOADAPT_INTERVAL_MS * 1000000) {
+      auto_adapt_period_if_needed();
+      last_auto_adapt_check = os::javaTimeNanos();
+    }
+
+    if (Atomic::cmpxchg(&_is_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests_triggered, true, false)) {
+      stackwalk_threads_in_native();
+    }
+    os::naked_sleep(100);
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::stackwalk_threads_in_native() {
+  ResourceMark rm;
+  // Required to prevent JFR from sampling through an ongoing safepoint
+  MutexLocker tlock(Threads_lock);
+  ThreadsListHandle tlh;
+  Thread* current = Thread::current();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < tlh.list()->length(); i++) {
+    JavaThread* jt = tlh.list()->thread_at(i);
+    JfrThreadLocal* tl = jt->jfr_thread_local();
+    if (tl->wants_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests()) {
+      if (jt->thread_state() != _thread_in_native || !tl->try_acquire_cpu_time_jfr_dequeue_lock()) {
+        tl->set_do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests(false);
+        continue;
+      }
+      if (jt->has_last_Java_frame()) {
+        JfrThreadSampling::process_cpu_time_request(jt, tl, current, false);
+      } else {
+        tl->set_do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests(false);
+      }
+      tl->release_cpu_time_jfr_queue_lock();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static volatile size_t count = 0;
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::send_empty_event(const JfrTicks &start_time, traceid tid, Tickspan cpu_time_period) {
+  EventCPUTimeSample event(UNTIMED);
+  event.set_failed(true);
+  event.set_starttime(start_time);
+  event.set_eventThread(tid);
+  event.set_stackTrace(0);
+  event.set_samplingPeriod(cpu_time_period);
+  event.set_biased(false);
+  event.commit();
+}
+
+
+static volatile size_t biased_count = 0;
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::send_event(const JfrTicks &start_time, traceid sid, traceid tid, Tickspan cpu_time_period, bool biased) {
+  EventCPUTimeSample event(UNTIMED);
+  event.set_failed(false);
+  event.set_starttime(start_time);
+  event.set_eventThread(tid);
+  event.set_stackTrace(sid);
+  event.set_samplingPeriod(cpu_time_period);
+  event.set_biased(biased);
+  event.commit();
+  Atomic::inc(&count);
+  if (biased) {
+    Atomic::inc(&biased_count);
+  }
+  if (Atomic::load(&count) % 1000 == 0) {
+    log_debug(jfr)("CPU thread sampler sent %zu events, lost %d, biased %zu\n", Atomic::load(&count), Atomic::load(&_lost_samples_sum), Atomic::load(&biased_count));
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::send_lost_event(const JfrTicks &time, traceid tid, s4 lost_samples) {
+  if (!EventCPUTimeSamplesLost::is_enabled()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  EventCPUTimeSamplesLost event(UNTIMED);
+  event.set_starttime(time);
+  event.set_lostSamples(lost_samples);
+  event.set_eventThread(tid);
+  event.commit();
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::post_run() {
+  this->NonJavaThread::post_run();
+  delete this;
+}
+
+static JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling* _instance = nullptr;
+
+JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling& JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::instance() {
+  return *_instance;
+}
+
+JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling* JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::create() {
+  assert(_instance == nullptr, "invariant");
+  _instance = new JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling();
+  return _instance;
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::destroy() {
+  if (_instance != nullptr) {
+    delete _instance;
+    _instance = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling() : _sampler(nullptr) {}
+
+JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::~JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling() {
+  if (_sampler != nullptr) {
+    _sampler->disenroll();
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::create_sampler(double rate, bool auto_adapt) {
+  assert(_sampler == nullptr, "invariant");
+  _sampler = new JfrCPUSamplerThread(rate, auto_adapt);
+  _sampler->start_thread();
+  _sampler->enroll();
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::update_run_state(double rate, bool auto_adapt) {
+  if (rate != 0) {
+    if (_sampler == nullptr) {
+      create_sampler(rate, auto_adapt);
+    } else {
+      _sampler->set_rate(rate, auto_adapt);
+      _sampler->enroll();
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+  if (_sampler != nullptr) {
+    _sampler->set_rate(rate /* 0 */, auto_adapt);
+    _sampler->disenroll();
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::set_rate(double rate, bool auto_adapt) {
+  assert(rate >= 0, "invariant");
+  if (_instance == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  instance().set_rate_value(rate, auto_adapt);
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::set_rate_value(double rate, bool auto_adapt) {
+  if (_sampler != nullptr) {
+    _sampler->set_rate(rate, auto_adapt);
+  }
+  update_run_state(rate, auto_adapt);
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::on_javathread_create(JavaThread *thread) {
+  if (_instance != nullptr && _instance->_sampler != nullptr) {
+    _instance->_sampler->on_javathread_create(thread);
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::on_javathread_terminate(JavaThread *thread) {
+  if (_instance != nullptr && _instance->_sampler != nullptr) {
+    _instance->_sampler->on_javathread_terminate(thread);
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::trigger_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests() {
+  if (_instance != nullptr && _instance->_sampler != nullptr) {
+    _instance->_sampler->trigger_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests();
+  }
+}
+
+void handle_timer_signal(int signo, siginfo_t* info, void* context) {
+  assert(_instance != nullptr, "invariant");
+  _instance->handle_timer_signal(info, context);
+}
+
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::handle_timer_signal(siginfo_t* info, void* context) {
+  if (info->si_code != SI_TIMER) {
+    // not the signal we are interested in
+    return;
+  }
+  assert(_sampler != nullptr, "invariant");
+
+  if (!_sampler->increment_signal_handler_count()) {
+    return;
+  }
+  _sampler->handle_timer_signal(info, context);
+  _sampler->decrement_signal_handler_count();
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::sample_thread(JfrSampleRequest& request, void* ucontext, JavaThread* jt, JfrThreadLocal* tl, JfrTicks& now) {
+  JfrSampleRequestBuilder::build_cpu_time_sample_request(request, ucontext, jt, jt->jfr_thread_local(), now);
+}
+
+static bool check_state(JavaThread* thread) {
+  switch (thread->thread_state()) {
+    case _thread_in_Java:
+    case _thread_in_native:
+      return true;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::handle_timer_signal(siginfo_t* info, void* context) {
+  JfrTicks now = JfrTicks::now();
+  JavaThread* jt = get_java_thread_if_valid();
+  if (jt == nullptr) {
+    return;
+  }
+  JfrThreadLocal* tl = jt->jfr_thread_local();
+  JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue& queue = tl->cpu_time_jfr_queue();
+  if (!check_state(jt)) {
+    queue.increment_lost_samples();
+    return;
+  }
+  if (!tl->try_acquire_cpu_time_jfr_enqueue_lock()) {
+    queue.increment_lost_samples();
+    return;
+  }
+
+  JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest request;
+  // the sampling period might be too low for the current Linux configuration
+  // so samples might be skipped and we have to compute the actual period
+  int64_t period = get_sampling_period() * (info->si_overrun + 1);
+  request._cpu_time_period = Ticks(period / 1000000000.0 * JfrTime::frequency()) - Ticks(0);
+  sample_thread(request._request, context, jt, tl, now);
+
+  if (queue.enqueue(request)) {
+    if (queue.size() == 1) {
+      tl->set_has_cpu_time_jfr_requests(true);
+      SafepointMechanism::arm_local_poll_release(jt);
+    }
+  } else {
+    queue.increment_lost_samples();
+  }
+
+  if (jt->thread_state() == _thread_in_native) {
+      if (!tl->wants_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests()) {
+        tl->set_do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests(true);
+        JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::trigger_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests();
+      }
+  } else {
+    tl->set_do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests(false);
+  }
+
+  tl->release_cpu_time_jfr_queue_lock();
+}
+
+static const int SIG = SIGPROF;
+
+static void set_timer_time(timer_t timerid, int64_t period_nanos) {
+  struct itimerspec its;
+  if (period_nanos == 0) {
+    its.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
+    its.it_interval.tv_nsec = 0;
+  } else {
+    its.it_interval.tv_sec = period_nanos / NANOSECS_PER_SEC;
+    its.it_interval.tv_nsec = period_nanos % NANOSECS_PER_SEC;
+  }
+  its.it_value = its.it_interval;
+  if (timer_settime(timerid, 0, &its, nullptr) == -1) {
+    warning("Failed to set timer for thread sampling: %s", os::strerror(os::get_last_error()));
+  }
+}
+
+bool JfrCPUSamplerThread::create_timer_for_thread(JavaThread* thread, timer_t& timerid) {
+  struct sigevent sev;
+  sev.sigev_notify = SIGEV_THREAD_ID;
+  sev.sigev_signo = SIG;
+  sev.sigev_value.sival_ptr = nullptr;
+  ((int*)&sev.sigev_notify)[1] = thread->osthread()->thread_id();
+  clockid_t clock;
+  int err = pthread_getcpuclockid(thread->osthread()->pthread_id(), &clock);
+  if (err != 0) {
+    log_error(jfr)("Failed to get clock for thread sampling: %s", os::strerror(err));
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (timer_create(clock, &sev, &timerid) < 0) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  int64_t period = get_sampling_period();
+  if (period != 0) {
+    set_timer_time(timerid, period);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::stop_signal_handlers() {
+  // set the stop signal bit
+  Atomic::or_then_fetch(&_active_signal_handlers, STOP_SIGNAL_BIT, memory_order_acq_rel);
+  while (Atomic::load_acquire(&_active_signal_handlers) > STOP_SIGNAL_BIT) {
+    // wait for all signal handlers to finish
+    os::naked_short_nanosleep(1000);
+  }
+}
+
+// returns false if the stop signal bit was set, true otherwise
+bool JfrCPUSamplerThread::increment_signal_handler_count() {
+  // increment the count of active signal handlers
+  u4 old_value = Atomic::fetch_then_add(&_active_signal_handlers, (u4)1, memory_order_acq_rel);
+  if ((old_value & STOP_SIGNAL_BIT) != 0) {
+    // if the stop signal bit was set, we are not allowed to increment
+    Atomic::dec(&_active_signal_handlers, memory_order_acq_rel);
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::decrement_signal_handler_count() {
+  Atomic::dec(&_active_signal_handlers, memory_order_acq_rel);
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::initialize_active_signal_handler_counter() {
+  Atomic::release_store(&_active_signal_handlers, (u4)0);
+}
+
+class VM_JFRInitializeCPUTimeSampler : public VM_Operation {
+ private:
+  JfrCPUSamplerThread* const _sampler;
+
+ public:
+  VM_JFRInitializeCPUTimeSampler(JfrCPUSamplerThread* sampler) : _sampler(sampler) {}
+
+  VMOp_Type type() const { return VMOp_JFRInitializeCPUTimeSampler; }
+  void doit() {
+    JfrJavaThreadIterator iter;
+    while (iter.has_next()) {
+      _sampler->on_javathread_create(iter.next());
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+bool JfrCPUSamplerThread::init_timers() {
+  // install sig handler for sig
+  void* prev_handler = PosixSignals::get_signal_handler_for_signal(SIG);
+  if ((prev_handler != SIG_DFL && prev_handler != SIG_IGN && prev_handler != (void*)::handle_timer_signal) ||
+      PosixSignals::install_generic_signal_handler(SIG, (void*)::handle_timer_signal) == (void*)-1) {
+    log_error(jfr)("Conflicting SIGPROF handler found: %p. CPUTimeSample events will not be recorded", prev_handler);
+    return false;
+  }
+  Atomic::release_store(&_signal_handler_installed, true);
+  VM_JFRInitializeCPUTimeSampler op(this);
+  VMThread::execute(&op);
+  return true;
+}
+
+class VM_JFRTerminateCPUTimeSampler : public VM_Operation {
+ private:
+  JfrCPUSamplerThread* const _sampler;
+
+ public:
+  VM_JFRTerminateCPUTimeSampler(JfrCPUSamplerThread* sampler) : _sampler(sampler) {}
+
+  VMOp_Type type() const { return VMOp_JFRTerminateCPUTimeSampler; }
+  void doit() {
+    JfrJavaThreadIterator iter;
+    while (iter.has_next()) {
+      JavaThread *thread = iter.next();
+      JfrThreadLocal* tl = thread->jfr_thread_local();
+      timer_t* timer = tl->cpu_timer();
+      if (timer == nullptr) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      timer_delete(*timer);
+      tl->deallocate_cpu_time_jfr_queue();
+      tl->unset_cpu_timer();
+    }
+  };
+};
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::stop_timer() {
+  VM_JFRTerminateCPUTimeSampler op(this);
+  VMThread::execute(&op);
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::auto_adapt_period_if_needed() {
+  int64_t current_period = get_sampling_period();
+  if (_auto_adapt || current_period == -1) {
+    int64_t period = compute_sampling_period(_rate);
+    if (period != current_period) {
+      Atomic::store(&_current_sampling_period_ns, period);
+      update_all_thread_timers();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::set_rate(double rate, bool auto_adapt) {
+  _rate = rate;
+  _auto_adapt = auto_adapt;
+  if (_rate > 0 && Atomic::load_acquire(&_disenrolled) == false) {
+    auto_adapt_period_if_needed();
+  } else {
+    Atomic::store(&_current_sampling_period_ns, compute_sampling_period(rate));
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUSamplerThread::update_all_thread_timers() {
+  int64_t period_millis = get_sampling_period();
+  ThreadsListHandle tlh;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < tlh.length(); i++) {
+    JavaThread* thread = tlh.thread_at(i);
+    JfrThreadLocal* tl = thread->jfr_thread_local();
+    assert(tl != nullptr, "invariant");
+    timer_t* timer = tl->cpu_timer();
+    if (timer != nullptr) {
+      set_timer_time(*timer, period_millis);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#else
+
+static void warn() {
+  static bool displayed_warning = false;
+  if (!displayed_warning) {
+    warning("CPU time method sampling not supported in JFR on your platform");
+    displayed_warning = true;
+  }
+}
+
+static JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling* _instance = nullptr;
+
+JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling& JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::instance() {
+  return *_instance;
+}
+
+JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling* JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::create() {
+  _instance = new JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling();
+  return _instance;
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::destroy() {
+  delete _instance;
+  _instance = nullptr;
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::set_rate(double rate, bool auto_adapt) {
+  if (rate != 0) {
+    warn();
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::on_javathread_create(JavaThread* thread) {
+}
+
+void JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::on_javathread_terminate(JavaThread* thread) {
+}
+
+#endif // defined(LINUX) && defined(INCLUDE_JFR)

src/hotspot/share/jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrCPUTimeThreadSampler.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef SHARE_JFR_PERIODIC_SAMPLING_JFRCPUTIMETHREADSAMPLER_HPP
+#define SHARE_JFR_PERIODIC_SAMPLING_JFRCPUTIMETHREADSAMPLER_HPP
+
+#include "jfr/utilities/jfrAllocation.hpp"
+
+class JavaThread;
+
+#if defined(LINUX)
+
+#include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrSampleRequest.hpp"
+#include "jfr/utilities/jfrTypes.hpp"
+
+struct JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest {
+  JfrSampleRequest _request;
+  Tickspan _cpu_time_period;
+
+  JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest() {}
+};
+
+// Fixed size async-signal-safe SPSC linear queue backed by an array.
+// Designed to be only used under lock and read linearly
+class JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue {
+
+  // the default queue capacity, scaled if the sampling period is smaller than 10ms
+  // when the thread is started
+  static const u4 CPU_TIME_QUEUE_CAPACITY = 500;
+
+  JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest* _data;
+  u4 _capacity;
+  // next unfilled index
+  volatile u4 _head;
+
+  volatile u4 _lost_samples;
+
+public:
+  JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue(u4 capacity);
+
+  ~JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue();
+
+  // signal safe, but can't be interleaved with dequeue
+  bool enqueue(JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest& trace);
+
+  JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest& at(u4 index);
+
+  u4 size() const;
+
+  void set_size(u4 size);
+
+  u4 capacity() const;
+
+  // deletes all samples in the queue
+  void set_capacity(u4 capacity);
+
+  bool is_empty() const;
+
+  u4 lost_samples() const;
+
+  void increment_lost_samples();
+
+  // returns the previous lost samples count
+  u4 get_and_reset_lost_samples();
+
+  void resize(u4 capacity);
+
+  void resize_for_period(u4 period_millis);
+
+  void clear();
+
+};
+
+
+class JfrCPUSamplerThread;
+
+class JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling : public JfrCHeapObj {
+  friend class JfrRecorder;
+ private:
+
+  JfrCPUSamplerThread* _sampler;
+
+  void create_sampler(double rate, bool auto_adapt);
+  void set_rate_value(double rate, bool auto_adapt);
+
+  JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling();
+  ~JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling();
+
+  static JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling& instance();
+  static JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling* create();
+  static void destroy();
+
+  void update_run_state(double rate, bool auto_adapt);
+
+ public:
+  static void set_rate(double rate, bool auto_adapt);
+
+  static void on_javathread_create(JavaThread* thread);
+  static void on_javathread_terminate(JavaThread* thread);
+  void handle_timer_signal(siginfo_t* info, void* context);
+
+  static void send_empty_event(const JfrTicks& start_time, traceid tid, Tickspan cpu_time_period);
+  static void send_event(const JfrTicks& start_time, traceid sid, traceid tid, Tickspan cpu_time_period, bool biased);
+  static void send_lost_event(const JfrTicks& time, traceid tid, s4 lost_samples);
+
+  static void trigger_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests();
+};
+
+#else
+
+// a basic implementation on other platforms that
+// emits warnings
+
+class JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling : public JfrCHeapObj {
+  friend class JfrRecorder;
+private:
+  static JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling& instance();
+  static JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling* create();
+  static void destroy();
+
+ public:
+  static void set_rate(double rate, bool auto_adapt);
+
+  static void on_javathread_create(JavaThread* thread);
+  static void on_javathread_terminate(JavaThread* thread);
+};
+
+#endif // defined(LINUX)
+
+
+#endif // SHARE_JFR_PERIODIC_SAMPLING_JFRCPUTIMETHREADSAMPLER_HPP

src/hotspot/share/jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrSampleRequest.cpp

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "asm/codeBuffer.hpp"
 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
 #include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrSampleRequest.hpp"
+#include "jfr/utilities/jfrTime.hpp"
 #include "runtime/continuationEntry.hpp"
 #include "runtime/frame.inline.hpp"
 #include "runtime/javaThread.inline.hpp"
@@ -171,7 +172,7 @@ static bool build(JfrSampleRequest& request, intptr_t* fp, JavaThread* jt) {
   assert(request._sample_sp != nullptr, "invariant");
   assert(request._sample_pc != nullptr, "invariant");
   assert(jt != nullptr, "invariant");
-  assert(jt->thread_state() == _thread_in_Java, "invariant");
+  assert(jt->thread_state() == _thread_in_Java || jt->thread_state() == _thread_in_native, "invariant");
 
   // 1. Interpreter frame?
   if (is_interpreter(request)) {
@@ -303,3 +304,33 @@ JfrSampleResult JfrSampleRequestBuilder::build_java_sample_request(const void* u
   }
   return set_biased_java_sample(request, tl, jt);
 }
+
+
+// A biased sample request is denoted by an empty bcp and an empty pc.
+static inline void set_cpu_time_biased_sample(JfrSampleRequest& request, JavaThread* jt) {
+  if (request._sample_bcp != nullptr) {
+    request._sample_bcp = nullptr;
+  }
+  assert(request._sample_bcp == nullptr, "invariant");
+  request._sample_pc = nullptr;
+}
+
+void JfrSampleRequestBuilder::build_cpu_time_sample_request(JfrSampleRequest& request,
+                                                            void* ucontext,
+                                                            JavaThread* jt,
+                                                            JfrThreadLocal* tl,
+                                                            JfrTicks& now) {
+  assert(jt != nullptr, "invariant");
+  request._sample_ticks = now;
+
+  // Prioritize the ljf, if one exists.
+  request._sample_sp = jt->last_Java_sp();
+  if (request._sample_sp == nullptr || !build_from_ljf(request, tl, jt)) {
+    intptr_t* fp;
+    request._sample_pc = os::fetch_frame_from_context(ucontext, reinterpret_cast<intptr_t**>(&request._sample_sp), &fp);
+    assert(sp_in_stack(request, jt), "invariant");
+    if (!build(request, fp, jt)) {
+      set_cpu_time_biased_sample(request, jt);
+    }
+  }
+}

src/hotspot/share/jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrSampleRequest.hpp

@@ -81,6 +81,11 @@ class JfrSampleRequestBuilder : AllStatic {
   static JfrSampleResult build_java_sample_request(const void* ucontext,
                                                    JfrThreadLocal* tl,
                                                    JavaThread* jt);
+  static void build_cpu_time_sample_request(JfrSampleRequest &request,
+                                            void* ucontext,
+                                            JavaThread* jt,
+                                            JfrThreadLocal* tl,
+                                            JfrTicks& now);
 };
 
 #endif // SHARE_JFR_PERIODIC_SAMPLING_JFRSAMPLEREQUEST_HPP

src/hotspot/share/jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrThreadSampling.cpp

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #include "code/nmethod.hpp"
 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
 #include "jfr/jfrEvents.hpp"
+#include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrCPUTimeThreadSampler.hpp"
 #include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrSampleMonitor.hpp"
 #include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrSampleRequest.hpp"
 #include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrThreadSampling.hpp"
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ static inline bool is_valid(const PcDesc* pc_desc) {
   return pc_desc != nullptr && pc_desc->scope_decode_offset() != DebugInformationRecorder::serialized_null;
 }
 
-static bool compute_top_frame(const JfrSampleRequest& request, frame& top_frame, bool& in_continuation, JavaThread* jt) {
+static bool compute_top_frame(const JfrSampleRequest& request, frame& top_frame, bool& in_continuation, JavaThread* jt, bool& biased) {
   assert(jt != nullptr, "invariant");
 
   if (!jt->has_last_Java_frame()) {
@@ -178,6 +179,7 @@ static bool compute_top_frame(const JfrSampleRequest& request, frame& top_frame,
     // A biased sample is requested or no code blob.
     top_frame = jt->last_frame();
     in_continuation = is_in_continuation(top_frame, jt);
+    biased = true;
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -227,6 +229,8 @@ static bool compute_top_frame(const JfrSampleRequest& request, frame& top_frame,
 
   assert(!stream.current()->is_safepoint_blob_frame(), "invariant");
 
+  biased = true;
+
   // Search the first frame that is above the sampled sp.
   for (; !stream.is_done(); stream.next()) {
     frame* const current = stream.current();
@@ -250,6 +254,7 @@ static bool compute_top_frame(const JfrSampleRequest& request, frame& top_frame,
         const PcDesc* const pc_desc = get_pc_desc(sampled_nm, sampled_pc);
         if (is_valid(pc_desc)) {
           current->adjust_pc(pc_desc->real_pc(sampled_nm));
+          biased = false;
         }
       }
     }
@@ -270,8 +275,9 @@ static void record_thread_in_java(const JfrSampleRequest& request, const JfrTick
   assert(current != nullptr, "invariant");
 
   frame top_frame;
+  bool biased = false;
   bool in_continuation;
-  if (!compute_top_frame(request, top_frame, in_continuation, jt)) {
+  if (!compute_top_frame(request, top_frame, in_continuation, jt, biased)) {
     return;
   }
 
@@ -293,6 +299,42 @@ static void record_thread_in_java(const JfrSampleRequest& request, const JfrTick
   }
 }
 
+#ifdef LINUX
+static void record_cpu_time_thread(const JfrCPUTimeSampleRequest& request, const JfrTicks& now, const JfrThreadLocal* tl, JavaThread* jt, Thread* current) {
+  assert(jt != nullptr, "invariant");
+  assert(tl != nullptr, "invariant");
+  assert(current != nullptr, "invariant");
+  frame top_frame;
+  bool biased = false;
+  bool in_continuation = false;
+  bool could_compute_top_frame = compute_top_frame(request._request, top_frame, in_continuation, jt, biased);
+  const traceid tid = in_continuation ? tl->vthread_id_with_epoch_update(jt) : JfrThreadLocal::jvm_thread_id(jt);
+
+  if (!could_compute_top_frame) {
+    JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::send_empty_event(request._request._sample_ticks, tid, request._cpu_time_period);
+    return;
+  }
+  traceid sid;
+  {
+    ResourceMark rm(current);
+    JfrStackTrace stacktrace;
+    if (!stacktrace.record(jt, top_frame, in_continuation, request._request)) {
+      // Unable to record stacktrace. Fail.
+      JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::send_empty_event(request._request._sample_ticks, tid, request._cpu_time_period);
+      return;
+    }
+    sid = JfrStackTraceRepository::add(stacktrace);
+  }
+  assert(sid != 0, "invariant");
+
+
+  JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::send_event(request._request._sample_ticks, sid, tid, request._cpu_time_period, biased);
+  if (current == jt) {
+    send_safepoint_latency_event(request._request, now, sid, jt);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
 static void drain_enqueued_requests(const JfrTicks& now, JfrThreadLocal* tl, JavaThread* jt, Thread* current) {
   assert(tl != nullptr, "invariant");
   assert(jt != nullptr, "invariant");
@@ -308,6 +350,49 @@ static void drain_enqueued_requests(const JfrTicks& now, JfrThreadLocal* tl, Jav
   assert(!tl->has_enqueued_requests(), "invariant");
 }
 
+static void drain_enqueued_cpu_time_requests(const JfrTicks& now, JfrThreadLocal* tl, JavaThread* jt, Thread* current, bool lock) {
+  assert(tl != nullptr, "invariant");
+  assert(jt != nullptr, "invariant");
+  assert(current != nullptr, "invariant");
+#ifdef LINUX
+  tl->set_do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests(false);
+  if (lock) {
+    tl->acquire_cpu_time_jfr_dequeue_lock();
+  }
+  JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue& queue = tl->cpu_time_jfr_queue();
+  for (u4 i = 0; i < queue.size(); i++) {
+    record_cpu_time_thread(queue.at(i), now, tl, jt, current);
+  }
+  queue.clear();
+  assert(queue.is_empty(), "invariant");
+  tl->set_has_cpu_time_jfr_requests(false);
+  if (queue.lost_samples() > 0) {
+    JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::send_lost_event( now, JfrThreadLocal::thread_id(jt), queue.get_and_reset_lost_samples());
+  }
+  if (lock) {
+    tl->release_cpu_time_jfr_queue_lock();
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+// Entry point for a thread that has been sampled in native code and has a pending JFR CPU time request.
+void JfrThreadSampling::process_cpu_time_request(JavaThread* jt, JfrThreadLocal* tl, Thread* current, bool lock) {
+  assert(jt != nullptr, "invariant");
+
+  const JfrTicks now = JfrTicks::now();
+  drain_enqueued_cpu_time_requests(now, tl, jt, current, lock);
+}
+
+static void drain_all_enqueued_requests(const JfrTicks& now, JfrThreadLocal* tl, JavaThread* jt, Thread* current) {
+  assert(tl != nullptr, "invariant");
+  assert(jt != nullptr, "invariant");
+  assert(current != nullptr, "invariant");
+  drain_enqueued_requests(now, tl, jt, current);
+  if (tl->has_cpu_time_jfr_requests()) {
+    drain_enqueued_cpu_time_requests(now, tl, jt, current, true);
+  }
+}
+
 // Only entered by the JfrSampler thread.
 bool JfrThreadSampling::process_native_sample_request(JfrThreadLocal* tl, JavaThread* jt, Thread* sampler_thread) {
   assert(tl != nullptr, "invairant");
@@ -382,5 +467,6 @@ void JfrThreadSampling::process_sample_request(JavaThread* jt) {
       break;
     }
   }
-  drain_enqueued_requests(now, tl, jt, jt);
+  drain_all_enqueued_requests(now, tl, jt, jt);
 }
+

src/hotspot/share/jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrThreadSampling.hpp

@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ class Thread;
 
 class JfrThreadSampling : AllStatic {
   friend class JfrSamplerThread;
+  friend class JfrCPUSamplerThread;
  private:
   static bool process_native_sample_request(JfrThreadLocal* tl, JavaThread* jt, Thread* sampler_thread);
+  static void process_cpu_time_request(JavaThread* jt, JfrThreadLocal* tl, Thread* current, bool lock);
  public:
   static void process_sample_request(JavaThread* jt);
 };

src/hotspot/share/jfr/recorder/jfrRecorder.cpp

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
 #include "jfr/jni/jfrJavaSupport.hpp"
 #include "jfr/leakprofiler/sampling/objectSampler.hpp"
 #include "jfr/periodic/jfrOSInterface.hpp"
+#include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrCPUTimeThreadSampler.hpp"
 #include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrThreadSampler.hpp"
 #include "jfr/recorder/jfrRecorder.hpp"
 #include "jfr/recorder/checkpoint/jfrCheckpointManager.hpp"
@@ -304,6 +305,9 @@ bool JfrRecorder::create_components() {
   if (!create_thread_sampler()) {
     return false;
   }
+  if (!create_cpu_time_thread_sampling()) {
+    return false;
+  }
   if (!create_event_throttler()) {
     return false;
   }
@@ -318,6 +322,7 @@ static JfrStackTraceRepository* _stack_trace_repository;
 static JfrStringPool* _stringpool = nullptr;
 static JfrOSInterface* _os_interface = nullptr;
 static JfrThreadSampler* _thread_sampler = nullptr;
+static JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling* _cpu_time_thread_sampling = nullptr;
 static JfrCheckpointManager* _checkpoint_manager = nullptr;
 
 bool JfrRecorder::create_java_event_writer() {
@@ -390,6 +395,12 @@ bool JfrRecorder::create_thread_sampler() {
   return _thread_sampler != nullptr;
 }
 
+bool JfrRecorder::create_cpu_time_thread_sampling() {
+  assert(_cpu_time_thread_sampling == nullptr, "invariant");
+  _cpu_time_thread_sampling = JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::create();
+  return _cpu_time_thread_sampling != nullptr;
+}
+
 bool JfrRecorder::create_event_throttler() {
   return JfrEventThrottler::create();
 }
@@ -428,6 +439,10 @@ void JfrRecorder::destroy_components() {
     JfrThreadSampler::destroy();
     _thread_sampler = nullptr;
   }
+  if (_cpu_time_thread_sampling != nullptr) {
+    JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::destroy();
+    _cpu_time_thread_sampling = nullptr;
+  }
   JfrEventThrottler::destroy();
 }
 

src/hotspot/share/jfr/recorder/jfrRecorder.hpp

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ class JfrRecorder : public JfrCHeapObj {
   static bool create_storage();
   static bool create_stringpool();
   static bool create_thread_sampler();
+  static bool create_cpu_time_thread_sampling();
   static bool create_event_throttler();
   static bool create_components();
   static void destroy_components();

src/hotspot/share/jfr/recorder/service/jfrEventThrottler.cpp

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ constexpr static const JfrSamplerParams _disabled_params = {
                                                              false // reconfigure
                                                            };
 
+static JfrEventThrottler* _disabled_cpu_time_sample_throttler = nullptr;
 static JfrEventThrottler* _object_allocation_throttler = nullptr;
 static JfrEventThrottler* _safepoint_latency_throttler = nullptr;
 
@@ -48,6 +49,9 @@ JfrEventThrottler::JfrEventThrottler(JfrEventId event_id) :
   _update(false) {}
 
 bool JfrEventThrottler::create() {
+  assert(_disabled_cpu_time_sample_throttler == nullptr, "invariant");
+  _disabled_cpu_time_sample_throttler = new JfrEventThrottler(JfrCPUTimeSampleEvent);
+  _disabled_cpu_time_sample_throttler->_disabled = true;
   assert(_object_allocation_throttler == nullptr, "invariant");
   _object_allocation_throttler = new JfrEventThrottler(JfrObjectAllocationSampleEvent);
   if (_object_allocation_throttler == nullptr || !_object_allocation_throttler->initialize()) {
@@ -59,6 +63,8 @@ bool JfrEventThrottler::create() {
 }
 
 void JfrEventThrottler::destroy() {
+  delete _disabled_cpu_time_sample_throttler;
+  _disabled_cpu_time_sample_throttler = nullptr;
   delete _object_allocation_throttler;
   _object_allocation_throttler = nullptr;
   delete _safepoint_latency_throttler;
@@ -69,15 +75,19 @@ void JfrEventThrottler::destroy() {
 // and another for the SamplingLatency event.
 // When introducing many more throttlers, consider adding a lookup map keyed by event id.
 JfrEventThrottler* JfrEventThrottler::for_event(JfrEventId event_id) {
+  assert(_disabled_cpu_time_sample_throttler != nullptr, "Disabled CPU time throttler has not been properly initialized");
   assert(_object_allocation_throttler != nullptr, "ObjectAllocation throttler has not been properly initialized");
   assert(_safepoint_latency_throttler != nullptr, "SafepointLatency throttler has not been properly initialized");
-  assert(event_id == JfrObjectAllocationSampleEvent || event_id == JfrSafepointLatencyEvent, "Event type has an unconfigured throttler");
+  assert(event_id == JfrObjectAllocationSampleEvent || event_id == JfrSafepointLatencyEvent || event_id == JfrCPUTimeSampleEvent, "Event type has an unconfigured throttler");
   if (event_id == JfrObjectAllocationSampleEvent) {
     return _object_allocation_throttler;
   }
   if (event_id == JfrSafepointLatencyEvent) {
     return _safepoint_latency_throttler;
   }
+  if (event_id == JfrCPUTimeSampleEvent) {
+    return _disabled_cpu_time_sample_throttler;
+  }
   return nullptr;
 }
 

src/hotspot/share/jfr/support/jfrThreadLocal.cpp

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 #include "jfr/jni/jfrJavaSupport.hpp"
 #include "jfr/leakprofiler/checkpoint/objectSampleCheckpoint.hpp"
 #include "jfr/periodic/jfrThreadCPULoadEvent.hpp"
+#include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrCPUTimeThreadSampler.hpp"
 #include "jfr/recorder/checkpoint/jfrCheckpointManager.hpp"
 #include "jfr/recorder/checkpoint/types/traceid/jfrOopTraceId.inline.hpp"
 #include "jfr/recorder/jfrRecorder.hpp"
@@ -78,7 +79,15 @@ JfrThreadLocal::JfrThreadLocal() :
   _enqueued_requests(false),
   _vthread(false),
   _notified(false),
-  _dead(false) {
+  _dead(false)
+#ifdef LINUX
+  ,_cpu_timer(nullptr),
+  _cpu_time_jfr_locked(UNLOCKED),
+  _has_cpu_time_jfr_requests(false),
+  _cpu_time_jfr_queue(0),
+  _do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests(false)
+#endif
+  {
   Thread* thread = Thread::current_or_null();
   _parent_trace_id = thread != nullptr ? jvm_thread_id(thread) : (traceid)0;
 }
@@ -129,7 +138,9 @@ void JfrThreadLocal::on_start(Thread* t) {
   if (JfrRecorder::is_recording()) {
     JfrCheckpointManager::write_checkpoint(t);
     if (t->is_Java_thread()) {
-      send_java_thread_start_event(JavaThread::cast(t));
+      JavaThread *const jt = JavaThread::cast(t);
+      JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::on_javathread_create(jt);
+      send_java_thread_start_event(jt);
     }
   }
   if (t->jfr_thread_local()->has_cached_stack_trace()) {
@@ -221,6 +232,7 @@ void JfrThreadLocal::on_exit(Thread* t) {
   if (t->is_Java_thread()) {
     JavaThread* const jt = JavaThread::cast(t);
     send_java_thread_end_event(jt, JfrThreadLocal::jvm_thread_id(jt));
+    JfrCPUTimeThreadSampling::on_javathread_terminate(jt);
     JfrThreadCPULoadEvent::send_event_for_thread(jt);
   }
   release(tl, Thread::current()); // because it could be that Thread::current() != t
@@ -537,3 +549,85 @@ Arena* JfrThreadLocal::dcmd_arena(JavaThread* jt) {
   tl->_dcmd_arena = arena;
   return arena;
 }
+
+
+#ifdef LINUX
+
+void JfrThreadLocal::set_cpu_timer(timer_t* timer) {
+  if (_cpu_timer == nullptr) {
+    _cpu_timer = JfrCHeapObj::new_array<timer_t>(1);
+  }
+  *_cpu_timer = *timer;
+}
+
+void JfrThreadLocal::unset_cpu_timer() {
+  if (_cpu_timer != nullptr) {
+    timer_delete(*_cpu_timer);
+    JfrCHeapObj::free(_cpu_timer, sizeof(timer_t));
+    _cpu_timer = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+timer_t* JfrThreadLocal::cpu_timer() const {
+  return _cpu_timer;
+}
+
+bool JfrThreadLocal::is_cpu_time_jfr_enqueue_locked() {
+  return Atomic::load_acquire(&_cpu_time_jfr_locked) == ENQUEUE;
+}
+
+bool JfrThreadLocal::is_cpu_time_jfr_dequeue_locked() {
+  return Atomic::load_acquire(&_cpu_time_jfr_locked) == DEQUEUE;
+}
+
+bool JfrThreadLocal::try_acquire_cpu_time_jfr_enqueue_lock() {
+  return Atomic::cmpxchg(&_cpu_time_jfr_locked, UNLOCKED, ENQUEUE) == UNLOCKED;
+}
+
+bool JfrThreadLocal::try_acquire_cpu_time_jfr_dequeue_lock() {
+  CPUTimeLockState got;
+  while (true)  {
+    CPUTimeLockState got = Atomic::cmpxchg(&_cpu_time_jfr_locked, UNLOCKED, DEQUEUE);
+    if (got == UNLOCKED) {
+      return true; // successfully locked for dequeue
+    }
+    if (got == DEQUEUE) {
+      return false; // already locked for dequeue
+    }
+    // else wait for the lock to be released from a signal handler
+  }
+}
+
+void JfrThreadLocal::acquire_cpu_time_jfr_dequeue_lock() {
+  while (Atomic::cmpxchg(&_cpu_time_jfr_locked, UNLOCKED, DEQUEUE) != UNLOCKED);
+}
+
+void JfrThreadLocal::release_cpu_time_jfr_queue_lock() {
+  Atomic::release_store(&_cpu_time_jfr_locked, UNLOCKED);
+}
+
+void JfrThreadLocal::set_has_cpu_time_jfr_requests(bool has_requests) {
+  Atomic::release_store(&_has_cpu_time_jfr_requests, has_requests);
+}
+
+bool JfrThreadLocal::has_cpu_time_jfr_requests() {
+  return Atomic::load_acquire(&_has_cpu_time_jfr_requests);
+}
+
+JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue& JfrThreadLocal::cpu_time_jfr_queue() {
+  return _cpu_time_jfr_queue;
+}
+
+void JfrThreadLocal::deallocate_cpu_time_jfr_queue() {
+  cpu_time_jfr_queue().resize(0);
+}
+
+void JfrThreadLocal::set_do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests(bool wants) {
+  Atomic::release_store(&_do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests, wants);
+}
+
+bool JfrThreadLocal::wants_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests() {
+  return Atomic::load_acquire(&_do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests);
+}
+
+#endif

src/hotspot/share/jfr/support/jfrThreadLocal.hpp

@@ -33,6 +33,10 @@
 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
 #include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
 
+#ifdef LINUX
+#include "jfr/periodic/sampling/jfrCPUTimeThreadSampler.hpp"
+#endif
+
 class Arena;
 class JavaThread;
 class JfrBuffer;
@@ -79,6 +83,22 @@ class JfrThreadLocal {
   bool _dead;
   bool _sampling_critical_section;
 
+#ifdef LINUX
+  timer_t* _cpu_timer;
+
+  enum CPUTimeLockState {
+    UNLOCKED,
+    // locked for enqueuing
+    ENQUEUE,
+    // locked for dequeuing
+    DEQUEUE
+  };
+  volatile CPUTimeLockState _cpu_time_jfr_locked;
+  volatile bool _has_cpu_time_jfr_requests;
+  JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue _cpu_time_jfr_queue;
+  volatile bool _do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests;
+#endif
+
   JfrBuffer* install_native_buffer() const;
   JfrBuffer* install_java_buffer() const;
   void release(Thread* t);
@@ -342,6 +362,39 @@ class JfrThreadLocal {
   void set_thread_blob(const JfrBlobHandle& handle);
   const JfrBlobHandle& thread_blob() const;
 
+  // CPU time sampling
+#ifdef LINUX
+  void set_cpu_timer(timer_t* timer);
+  void unset_cpu_timer();
+  timer_t* cpu_timer() const;
+
+  // The CPU time JFR lock has three different states:
+  // - ENQUEUE: lock for enqueuing CPU time requests
+  // - DEQUEUE: lock for dequeuing CPU time requests
+  // - UNLOCKED: no lock held
+  // This ensures that we can safely enqueue and dequeue CPU time requests,
+  // without interleaving
+
+  bool is_cpu_time_jfr_enqueue_locked();
+  bool is_cpu_time_jfr_dequeue_locked();
+
+  bool try_acquire_cpu_time_jfr_enqueue_lock();
+  bool try_acquire_cpu_time_jfr_dequeue_lock();
+  void acquire_cpu_time_jfr_dequeue_lock();
+  void release_cpu_time_jfr_queue_lock();
+
+  void set_has_cpu_time_jfr_requests(bool has_events);
+  bool has_cpu_time_jfr_requests();
+
+  JfrCPUTimeTraceQueue& cpu_time_jfr_queue();
+  void deallocate_cpu_time_jfr_queue();
+
+  void set_do_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests(bool wants);
+  bool wants_async_processing_of_cpu_time_jfr_requests();
+#else
+  bool has_cpu_time_jfr_requests() { return false; }
+#endif
+
   // Hooks
   static void on_start(Thread* t);
   static void on_exit(Thread* t);

src/hotspot/share/runtime/thread.hpp

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ class JavaThread;
 //       - WorkerThread
 //     - WatcherThread
 //     - JfrThreadSampler
+//     - JfrCPUSamplerThread
 //     - LogAsyncWriter
 //
 // All Thread subclasses must be either JavaThread or NonJavaThread.

src/hotspot/share/runtime/vmOperation.hpp

@@ -115,6 +115,8 @@
   template(JFROldObject)                          \
   template(JvmtiPostObjectFree)                   \
   template(RendezvousGCThreads)                   \
+  template(JFRInitializeCPUTimeSampler)       \
+  template(JFRTerminateCPUTimeSampler)        \
   template(ReinitializeMDO)
 
 class Thread;

src/hotspot/share/utilities/ticks.hpp

@@ -236,6 +236,7 @@ class TimeInstant : public Rep<TimeSource> {
   friend class TimePartitionsTest;
   friend class GCTimerTest;
   friend class CompilerEvent;
+  friend class JfrCPUSamplerThread;
 };
 
 #if INCLUDE_JFR

src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/EventControl.java

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ import jdk.jfr.internal.settings.EnabledSetting;
 import jdk.jfr.internal.settings.LevelSetting;
 import jdk.jfr.internal.settings.MethodSetting;
 import jdk.jfr.internal.settings.PeriodSetting;
+import jdk.jfr.internal.settings.CPUThrottleSetting;
 import jdk.jfr.internal.settings.StackTraceSetting;
 import jdk.jfr.internal.settings.ThresholdSetting;
 import jdk.jfr.internal.settings.ThrottleSetting;
@@ -326,6 +327,9 @@ public final class EventControl {
     private static Control defineThrottle(PlatformEventType type) {
         String def = type.getAnnotationValue(Throttle.class, ThrottleSetting.DEFAULT_VALUE);
         type.add(PrivateAccess.getInstance().newSettingDescriptor(TYPE_THROTTLE, Throttle.NAME, def, Collections.emptyList()));
+        if (type.getName().equals("jdk.CPUTimeSample")) {
+            return new Control(new CPUThrottleSetting(type), def);
+        }
         return new Control(new ThrottleSetting(type, def), def);
     }
 

src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/JVM.java

@@ -270,6 +270,16 @@ public final class JVM {
      */
     public static native void setMethodSamplingPeriod(long type, long periodMillis);
 
+    /**
+     * Set the maximum event emission rate for the CPU time sampler
+     *
+     * Setting rate to 0 turns off the CPU time sampler.
+     *
+     * @param rate the new rate in events per second
+     * @param autoAdapt true if the rate should be adapted automatically
+     */
+    public static native void setCPUThrottle(double rate, boolean autoAdapt);
+
     /**
      * Sets the file where data should be written.
      *

src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/PlatformEventType.java

@@ -30,8 +30,10 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Objects;
 
 import jdk.jfr.SettingDescriptor;
+import jdk.jfr.events.ActiveSettingEvent;
 import jdk.jfr.internal.periodic.PeriodicEvents;
 import jdk.jfr.internal.util.ImplicitFields;
+import jdk.jfr.internal.util.TimespanRate;
 import jdk.jfr.internal.util.Utils;
 import jdk.jfr.internal.tracing.Modification;
 
@@ -45,6 +47,7 @@ public final class PlatformEventType extends Type {
     private final boolean isJVM;
     private final boolean isJDK;
     private final boolean isMethodSampling;
+    private final boolean isCPUTimeMethodSampling;
     private final List<SettingDescriptor> settings = new ArrayList<>(5);
     private final boolean dynamicSettings;
     private final int stackTraceOffset;
@@ -56,6 +59,7 @@ public final class PlatformEventType extends Type {
     private boolean stackTraceEnabled = true;
     private long thresholdTicks = 0;
     private long period = 0;
+    private TimespanRate cpuRate;
     private boolean hasHook;
 
     private boolean beginChunk;
@@ -75,6 +79,7 @@ public final class PlatformEventType extends Type {
         this.dynamicSettings = dynamicSettings;
         this.isJVM = Type.isDefinedByJVM(id);
         this.isMethodSampling = determineMethodSampling();
+        this.isCPUTimeMethodSampling = isJVM && name.equals(Type.EVENT_NAME_PREFIX + "CPUTimeSample");
         this.isJDK = isJDK;
         this.stackTraceOffset = determineStackTraceOffset();
     }
@@ -191,6 +196,13 @@ public final class PlatformEventType extends Type {
         }
     }
 
+    public void setCPUThrottle(TimespanRate rate) {
+        if (isCPUTimeMethodSampling) {
+            this.cpuRate = rate;
+            JVM.setCPUThrottle(rate.rate(), rate.autoAdapt());
+        }
+    }
+
     public void setHasPeriod(boolean hasPeriod) {
         this.hasPeriod = hasPeriod;
     }
@@ -251,6 +263,9 @@ public final class PlatformEventType extends Type {
             if (isMethodSampling) {
                 long p = enabled ? period : 0;
                 JVM.setMethodSamplingPeriod(getId(), p);
+            } else if (isCPUTimeMethodSampling) {
+                TimespanRate r = enabled ? cpuRate : new TimespanRate(0, false);
+                JVM.setCPUThrottle(r.rate(), r.autoAdapt());
             } else {
                 JVM.setEnabled(getId(), enabled);
             }
@@ -388,6 +403,10 @@ public final class PlatformEventType extends Type {
         return isMethodSampling;
     }
 
+    public boolean isCPUTimeMethodSampling() {
+        return isCPUTimeMethodSampling;
+    }
+
     public void setStackFilterId(long id) {
         startFilterId = id;
     }

src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/query/view.ini

@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ label = "Active Settings"
 table = "COLUMN 'Event Type', 'Enabled', 'Threshold',
                 'Stack Trace','Period','Cutoff', 'Throttle'
          FORMAT none, missing:whitespace, missing:whitespace, missing:whitespace,
-                missing:whitespace, missing:whitespace, missing:whitespace
+                missing:whitespace, missing:whitespace, missing:whitespace,
+                missing:whitespace
          SELECT E.id, LAST_BATCH(E.value), LAST_BATCH(T.value),
                 LAST_BATCH(S.value), LAST_BATCH(P.value),
                 LAST_BATCH(C.value), LAST_BATCH(U.value)
@@ -400,6 +401,28 @@ table = "COLUMN 'Method', 'Samples', 'Percent'
          SELECT stackTrace.topFrame AS T, COUNT(*), COUNT(*)
          FROM ExecutionSample GROUP BY T LIMIT 25"
 
+[application.cpu-time-hot-methods]
+label = "Java Methods that Execute the Most from CPU Time Sampler"
+table = "COLUMN 'Method', 'Samples', 'Percent'
+         FORMAT none, none, normalized
+         SELECT stackTrace.topFrame AS T, COUNT(*), COUNT(*)
+         FROM CPUTimeSample GROUP BY T LIMIT 25"
+
+[application.cpu-time-statistics]
+label = "CPU Time Sample Statistics"
+form = "COLUMN 'Successful Samples', 'Failed Samples', 'Biased Samples', 'Total Samples', 'Lost Samples'
+        SELECT COUNT(S.startTime), COUNT(F.startTime), COUNT(B.startTime), Count(A.startTime), SUM(L.lostSamples)
+        FROM
+          CPUTimeSample AS S,
+          CPUTimeSample AS F,
+          CPUTimeSample AS A,
+          CPUTimeSample AS B,
+          CPUTimeSamplesLost AS L
+        WHERE
+          S.failed = 'false' AND
+          F.failed = 'true'  AND
+          B.biased = 'true'"
+
 [jvm.jdk-agents]
 label = "JDK Agents"
 table = "COLUMN 'Time', 'Initialization', 'Name', 'Options'

src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/settings/CPUThrottleSetting.java

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2020, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2020, Datadog, Inc. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package jdk.jfr.internal.settings;
+
+import static jdk.jfr.internal.util.TimespanUnit.SECONDS;
+import static jdk.jfr.internal.util.TimespanUnit.MILLISECONDS;
+
+import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import jdk.jfr.Description;
+import jdk.jfr.SettingControl;
+import jdk.jfr.Label;
+import jdk.jfr.MetadataDefinition;
+import jdk.jfr.Name;
+import jdk.jfr.internal.PlatformEventType;
+import jdk.jfr.internal.Type;
+import jdk.jfr.internal.util.TimespanRate;
+import jdk.jfr.internal.util.Utils;
+
+@MetadataDefinition
+@Label("CPUThrottleSetting")
+@Description("Upper bounds the emission rate for CPU time samples")
+@Name(Type.SETTINGS_PREFIX + "Rate")
+public final class CPUThrottleSetting extends SettingControl {
+    public static final String DEFAULT_VALUE = "0/s";
+    private final PlatformEventType eventType;
+    private String value = DEFAULT_VALUE;
+
+    public CPUThrottleSetting(PlatformEventType eventType) {
+       this.eventType = Objects.requireNonNull(eventType);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String combine(Set<String> values) {
+        TimespanRate max = null;
+        for (String value : values) {
+            TimespanRate rate = TimespanRate.of(value);
+            if (rate != null) {
+                if (max == null || rate.isHigher(max)) {
+                    max = rate;
+                }
+                max = new TimespanRate(max.rate(), max.autoAdapt() || rate.autoAdapt());
+            }
+        }
+        // "off" is not supported
+        return Objects.requireNonNullElse(max.toString(), DEFAULT_VALUE);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setValue(String value) {
+        TimespanRate rate = TimespanRate.of(value);
+        if (rate != null) {
+            eventType.setCPUThrottle(rate);
+            this.value = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getValue() {
+        return value;
+    }
+}
+

src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/util/Rate.java

@@ -55,4 +55,8 @@ public record Rate(long amount, TimespanUnit unit) {
     private double inNanos() {
         return (double) amount / unit.nanos;
     }
+
+    public double perSecond() {
+        return inNanos() * 1_000_000_000.0;
+    }
 }

src/jdk.jfr/share/classes/jdk/jfr/internal/util/TimespanRate.java

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+package jdk.jfr.internal.util;
+
+import jdk.jfr.internal.settings.CPUThrottleSetting;
+
+/**
+ * A rate or fixed period, see {@link jdk.jfr.internal.Rate}
+ */
+public record TimespanRate(double rate, boolean autoAdapt) {
+
+    public static TimespanRate of(String text) {
+        if (text.equals("off")) {
+            text = CPUThrottleSetting.DEFAULT_VALUE;
+        }
+        boolean isPeriod = !text.contains("/");
+        if (isPeriod) {
+            var period = ValueParser.parseTimespanWithInfinity(text, Long.MAX_VALUE);
+            if (period == Long.MAX_VALUE) {
+                return null;
+            }
+            if (period == 0) {
+                return new TimespanRate(0, false);
+            }
+            return new TimespanRate(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / (period / 1_000_000_000.0), false);
+        }
+        Rate r = Rate.of(text);
+        if (r == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return new TimespanRate(r.perSecond(), true);
+    }
+
+    public boolean isHigher(TimespanRate that) {
+        return rate() > that.rate();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String toString() {
+        if (autoAdapt) {
+            return String.format("%d/ns", (long)(rate * 1_000_000_000L));
+        }
+        return String.format("%dns", (long)(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() / rate * 1_000_000_000L));
+    }
+}

src/jdk.jfr/share/conf/jfr/default.jfc

@@ -226,6 +226,16 @@
       <setting name="throttle">off</setting>
     </event>
 
+    <event name="jdk.CPUTimeSample">
+      <setting name="enabled" control="method-sampling-enabled">false</setting>
+      <setting name="throttle">500/s</setting>
+      <setting name="stackTrace">true</setting>
+    </event>
+
+    <event name="jdk.CPUTimeSamplesLost">
+      <setting name="enabled" control="method-sampling-enabled">true</setting>
+    </event>
+
     <event name="jdk.SafepointBegin">
       <setting name="enabled">true</setting>
       <setting name="threshold">10 ms</setting>

src/jdk.jfr/share/conf/jfr/profile.jfc

@@ -206,6 +206,16 @@
       <setting name="period" control="method-sampling-native-interval">20 ms</setting>
     </event>
 
+    <event name="jdk.CPUTimeSample">
+      <setting name="enabled">false</setting>
+      <setting name="throttle">10ms</setting>
+      <setting name="stackTrace">true</setting>
+    </event>
+
+    <event name="jdk.CPUTimeSamplesLost">
+      <setting name="enabled">true</setting>
+    </event>
+
     <event name="jdk.MethodTrace">
       <setting name="enabled">true</setting>
       <setting name="filter" control="method-trace"></setting>

test/jdk/jdk/jfr/event/metadata/TestLookForUntestedEvents.java

@@ -89,7 +89,10 @@ public class TestLookForUntestedEvents {
 
     // Experimental events
     private static final Set<String> experimentalEvents = Set.of(
-        "Flush", "SyncOnValueBasedClass");
+        "Flush", "SyncOnValueBasedClass", "CPUTimeSample", "CPUTimeSamplesLost");
+
+    // Subset of the experimental events that should have tests
+    private static final Set<String> experimentalButTestedEvents = Set.of("CPUTimeSample");
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
         for (EventType type : FlightRecorder.getFlightRecorder().getEventTypes()) {
@@ -110,7 +113,9 @@ public class TestLookForUntestedEvents {
             .collect(Collectors.toList());
 
         Set<String> eventsNotCoveredByTest = new HashSet<>(jfrEventTypes);
-        for (String event : jfrEventTypes) {
+        Set<String> checkedEvents = new HashSet<>(jfrEventTypes);
+        checkedEvents.addAll(experimentalButTestedEvents);
+        for (String event : checkedEvents) {
             for (Path p : paths) {
                 if (findStringInFile(p, event)) {
                     eventsNotCoveredByTest.remove(event);

test/jdk/jdk/jfr/event/profiling/BaseTestFullStackTrace.java

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package jdk.jfr.event.profiling;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import jdk.jfr.Recording;
+import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordedEvent;
+import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordedFrame;
+import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordedStackTrace;
+import jdk.test.lib.Asserts;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.EventNames;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.Events;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.RecurseThread;
+
+public class BaseTestFullStackTrace {
+    private final static int MAX_DEPTH = 64; // currently hardcoded in jvm
+
+    private final String eventName;
+    private final String threadFieldName;
+
+    public BaseTestFullStackTrace(String eventName, String threadFieldName) {
+        this.eventName = eventName;
+        this.threadFieldName = threadFieldName;
+    }
+
+    public void run() throws Throwable {
+        RecurseThread[] threads = new RecurseThread[3];
+        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; ++i) {
+            int depth = MAX_DEPTH - 1 + i;
+            threads[i] = new RecurseThread(depth);
+            threads[i].setName("recursethread-" + depth);
+            threads[i].start();
+        }
+
+        for (RecurseThread thread : threads) {
+            while (!thread.isInRunLoop()) {
+                Thread.sleep(20);
+            }
+        }
+
+        assertStackTraces(threads);
+
+        for (RecurseThread thread : threads) {
+            thread.quit();
+            thread.join();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void assertStackTraces(RecurseThread[] threads) throws Throwable {
+        while (true) {
+            try (Recording recording = new Recording()) {
+                if (eventName.equals(EventNames.CPUTimeSample)) {
+                    recording.enable(eventName).with("throttle", "50ms");
+                } else {
+                    recording.enable(eventName).withPeriod(Duration.ofMillis(50));
+                }
+                recording.start();
+                Thread.sleep(500);
+                recording.stop();
+                if (hasValidStackTraces(recording, threads)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    private boolean hasValidStackTraces(Recording recording, RecurseThread[] threads) throws Throwable {
+        boolean[] isEventFound = new boolean[threads.length];
+
+        for (RecordedEvent event : Events.fromRecording(recording)) {
+            System.out.println("Event: " + event);
+            String threadName = Events.assertField(event, threadFieldName + ".javaName").getValue();
+            long threadId = Events.assertField(event, threadFieldName + ".javaThreadId").getValue();
+
+            for (int threadIndex = 0; threadIndex < threads.length; ++threadIndex) {
+                RecurseThread currThread = threads[threadIndex];
+                if (threadId == currThread.getId()) {
+                    System.out.println("ThreadName=" + currThread.getName() + ", depth=" + currThread.totalDepth);
+                    Asserts.assertEquals(threadName, currThread.getName(), "Wrong thread name");
+                    if ("recurseEnd".equals(getTopMethodName(event))) {
+                        isEventFound[threadIndex] = true;
+                        checkEvent(event, currThread.totalDepth);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; ++i) {
+            String msg = "threadIndex=%d, recurseDepth=%d, isEventFound=%b%n";
+            System.out.printf(msg, i, threads[i].totalDepth, isEventFound[i]);
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; ++i) {
+            if(!isEventFound[i]) {
+               // no assertion, let's retry.
+               // Could be race condition, i.e safe point during Thread.sleep
+               System.out.println("Failed to validate all threads, will retry.");
+               return false;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    public String getTopMethodName(RecordedEvent event) {
+        List<RecordedFrame> frames = event.getStackTrace().getFrames();
+        Asserts.assertFalse(frames.isEmpty(), "JavaFrames was empty");
+        return frames.getFirst().getMethod().getName();
+    }
+
+    private void checkEvent(RecordedEvent event, int expectedDepth) throws Throwable {
+        RecordedStackTrace stacktrace = null;
+        try {
+            stacktrace = event.getStackTrace();
+            List<RecordedFrame> frames = stacktrace.getFrames();
+            Asserts.assertEquals(Math.min(MAX_DEPTH, expectedDepth), frames.size(), "Wrong stacktrace depth. Expected:" + expectedDepth);
+            List<String> expectedMethods = getExpectedMethods(expectedDepth);
+            Asserts.assertEquals(expectedMethods.size(), frames.size(), "Wrong expectedMethods depth. Test error.");
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < frames.size(); ++i) {
+                String name = frames.get(i).getMethod().getName();
+                String expectedName = expectedMethods.get(i);
+                System.out.printf("method[%d]=%s, expected=%s%n", i, name, expectedName);
+                Asserts.assertEquals(name, expectedName, "Wrong method name");
+            }
+
+            boolean isTruncated = stacktrace.isTruncated();
+            boolean isTruncateExpected = expectedDepth > MAX_DEPTH;
+            Asserts.assertEquals(isTruncated, isTruncateExpected, "Wrong value for isTruncated. Expected:" + isTruncateExpected);
+
+            String firstMethod = frames.getLast().getMethod().getName();
+            boolean isFullTrace = "run".equals(firstMethod);
+            String msg = String.format("Wrong values for isTruncated=%b, isFullTrace=%b", isTruncated, isFullTrace);
+            Asserts.assertTrue(isTruncated != isFullTrace, msg);
+        } catch (Throwable t) {
+            System.out.println(String.format("stacktrace:%n%s", stacktrace));
+            throw t;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private List<String> getExpectedMethods(int depth) {
+        List<String> methods = new ArrayList<>();
+        methods.add("recurseEnd");
+        for (int i = 0; i < depth - 2; ++i) {
+            methods.add((i % 2) == 0 ? "recurseA" : "recurseB");
+        }
+        methods.add("run");
+        if (depth > MAX_DEPTH) {
+            methods = methods.subList(0, MAX_DEPTH);
+        }
+        return methods;
+    }
+}

test/jdk/jdk/jfr/event/profiling/TestCPUTimeAndExecutionSample.java

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package jdk.jfr.event.profiling;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+
+import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordingStream;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.EventNames;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.RecurseThread;
+
+/*
+ * @test
+ * @requires vm.hasJFR & os.family == "linux"
+ * @library /test/lib
+ * @modules jdk.jfr/jdk.jfr.internal
+ * @run main/timeout=30 jdk.jfr.event.profiling.TestCPUTimeAndExecutionSample
+ */
+public class TestCPUTimeAndExecutionSample {
+
+    static String sampleEvent = EventNames.CPUTimeSample;
+
+    // The period is set to 1100 ms to provoke the 1000 ms
+    // threshold in the JVM for os::naked_short_sleep().
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        run(EventNames.ExecutionSample);
+        run(EventNames.CPUTimeSample);
+        run(EventNames.ExecutionSample);
+        run(EventNames.CPUTimeSample);
+    }
+
+    private static void run(String eventType) {
+        RecurseThread t = new RecurseThread(50);
+        t.setDaemon(true);
+        try (RecordingStream rs = new RecordingStream()) {
+            rs.enable(sampleEvent).with("throttle", "1000/s");
+            rs.onEvent(sampleEvent, e -> {
+                t.quit();
+                rs.close();
+            });
+            t.start();
+            rs.start();
+        }
+    }
+}

test/jdk/jdk/jfr/event/profiling/TestCPUTimeSampleFullStackTrace.java

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package jdk.jfr.event.profiling;
+
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.EventNames;
+
+/**
+ * @test
+ * @requires vm.hasJFR & os.family == "linux"
+ * @library /test/lib
+ * @build jdk.jfr.event.profiling.BaseTestFullStackTrace
+ * @run main/othervm jdk.jfr.event.profiling.TestCPUTimeSampleFullStackTrace
+ */
+public class TestCPUTimeSampleFullStackTrace {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
+        new BaseTestFullStackTrace(EventNames.CPUTimeSample, "eventThread").run();
+    }
+
+}

test/jdk/jdk/jfr/event/profiling/TestCPUTimeSampleMultipleRecordings.java

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package jdk.jfr.event.profiling;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+
+import jdk.jfr.Recording;
+import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordingStream;
+import jdk.jfr.internal.JVM;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.EventNames;
+
+/*
+ * Tests that creating multiple recordings after another is possible.
+ * @test
+ * @requires vm.hasJFR & os.family == "linux"
+ * @library /test/lib
+ * @modules jdk.jfr/jdk.jfr.internal
+ * @run main jdk.jfr.event.profiling.TestCPUTimeSampleMultipleRecordings
+ */
+public class TestCPUTimeSampleMultipleRecordings {
+
+    static String nativeEvent = EventNames.CPUTimeSample;
+
+    static volatile boolean alive = true;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        Thread t = new Thread(TestCPUTimeSampleMultipleRecordings::nativeMethod);
+        t.setDaemon(true);
+        t.start();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+            try (RecordingStream rs = new RecordingStream()) {
+                rs.enable(nativeEvent).with("throttle", "1ms");
+                rs.onEvent(nativeEvent, e -> {
+                    alive = false;
+                    rs.close();
+                });
+
+                rs.start();
+            }
+        }
+        alive = false;
+    }
+
+    public static void nativeMethod() {
+        while (alive) {
+            JVM.getPid();
+        }
+    }
+}

test/jdk/jdk/jfr/event/profiling/TestCPUTimeSampleNative.java

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2017, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package jdk.jfr.event.profiling;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+
+import jdk.jfr.Recording;
+import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordingStream;
+import jdk.jfr.internal.JVM;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.EventNames;
+
+/*
+ * @test
+ * @requires vm.hasJFR & os.family == "linux"
+ * @library /test/lib
+ * @modules jdk.jfr/jdk.jfr.internal
+ * @run main jdk.jfr.event.profiling.TestCPUTimeSampleNative
+ */
+public class TestCPUTimeSampleNative {
+
+    static String nativeEvent = EventNames.CPUTimeSample;
+
+    static volatile boolean alive = true;
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        try (RecordingStream rs = new RecordingStream()) {
+            rs.enable(nativeEvent).with("throttle", "1ms");
+            rs.onEvent(nativeEvent, e -> {
+                alive = false;
+                rs.close();
+            });
+            Thread t = new Thread(TestCPUTimeSampleNative::nativeMethod);
+            t.setDaemon(true);
+            t.start();
+            rs.start();
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    public static void nativeMethod() {
+        while (alive) {
+            JVM.getPid();
+        }
+    }
+}

test/jdk/jdk/jfr/event/profiling/TestCPUTimeSampleThrottling.java

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package jdk.jfr.event.profiling;
+import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory;
+import java.time.Duration;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Comparator;
+
+import jdk.jfr.Recording;
+import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordedEvent;
+import jdk.test.lib.Asserts;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.EventNames;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.Events;
+
+/**
+ * @test
+ * @requires vm.hasJFR & os.family == "linux"
+ * @library /test/lib
+ * @run main/othervm jdk.jfr.event.profiling.TestCPUTimeSampleThrottling
+ */
+public class TestCPUTimeSampleThrottling {
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        testZeroPerSecond();
+        testThrottleSettings();
+        testThrottleSettingsPeriod();
+    }
+
+    private static void testZeroPerSecond() throws Exception {
+        Asserts.assertTrue(0L == countEvents(1000, "0/s").count());
+    }
+
+    private static void testThrottleSettings() throws Exception {
+        long count = countEvents(1000,
+            Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors() * 2 + "/s").count();
+        Asserts.assertTrue(count > 0 && count < 3,
+            "Expected between 0 and 3 events, got " + count);
+    }
+
+    private static void testThrottleSettingsPeriod() throws Exception {
+        float rate = countEvents(1000, "10ms").rate();
+        Asserts.assertTrue(rate > 90 && rate < 110, "Expected around 100 events per second, got " + rate);
+    }
+
+    private record EventCount(long count, float time) {
+        float rate() {
+            return count / time;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static EventCount countEvents(int timeMs, String rate) throws Exception {
+        try(Recording recording = new Recording()) {
+            recording.enable(EventNames.CPUTimeSample)
+                    .with("throttle", rate);
+
+            var bean = ManagementFactory.getThreadMXBean();
+
+            recording.start();
+
+            long startThreadCpuTime = bean.getCurrentThreadCpuTime();
+
+            wasteCPU(timeMs);
+
+            long spendCPUTime = bean.getCurrentThreadCpuTime() - startThreadCpuTime;
+
+            recording.stop();
+
+            long eventCount = Events.fromRecording(recording).stream()
+                    .filter(e -> e.getThread().getJavaName()
+                                .equals(Thread.currentThread().getName()))
+                    .count();
+
+            System.out.println("Event count: " + eventCount + ", CPU time: " + spendCPUTime / 1_000_000_000f + "s");
+
+            return new EventCount(eventCount, spendCPUTime / 1_000_000_000f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void wasteCPU(int durationMs) {
+        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
+        double i = 0;
+        while (System.currentTimeMillis() - start < durationMs) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < 100000; j++) {
+                i = Math.sqrt(i * Math.pow(Math.sqrt(Math.random()), Math.random()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}

test/jdk/jdk/jfr/event/profiling/TestCPUTimeSamplingLongPeriod.java

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2017, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package jdk.jfr.event.profiling;
+
+import java.time.Duration;
+
+import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordingStream;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.EventNames;
+import jdk.test.lib.jfr.RecurseThread;
+
+/*
+ * @test
+ * @requires vm.hasJFR & os.family == "linux"
+ * @library /test/lib
+ * @modules jdk.jfr/jdk.jfr.internal
+ * @run main jdk.jfr.event.profiling.TestCPUTimeSamplingLongPeriod
+ */
+public class TestCPUTimeSamplingLongPeriod {
+
+    static String sampleEvent = EventNames.CPUTimeSample;
+
+    // The period is set to 1100 ms to provoke the 1000 ms
+    // threshold in the JVM for os::naked_short_sleep().
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        RecurseThread t = new RecurseThread(50);
+        t.setDaemon(true);
+        try (RecordingStream rs = new RecordingStream()) {
+            rs.enable(sampleEvent).with("throttle", "1100ms");
+            rs.onEvent(sampleEvent, e -> {
+                t.quit();
+                rs.close();
+            });
+            t.start();
+            rs.start();
+        }
+    }
+}

test/jdk/jdk/jfr/event/profiling/TestFullStackTrace.java

@@ -23,147 +23,20 @@
 
 package jdk.jfr.event.profiling;
 
-import java.time.Duration;
-import java.util.ArrayList;
-import java.util.List;
-
-import jdk.jfr.Recording;
-import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordedEvent;
-import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordedFrame;
-import jdk.jfr.consumer.RecordedStackTrace;
-import jdk.test.lib.Asserts;
 import jdk.test.lib.jfr.EventNames;
-import jdk.test.lib.jfr.Events;
-import jdk.test.lib.jfr.RecurseThread;
 
 /**
  * @test
  * @requires vm.hasJFR
  * @requires vm.opt.DeoptimizeALot != true
  * @library /test/lib
+ * @build jdk.jfr.event.profiling.BaseTestFullStackTrace
  * @run main/othervm jdk.jfr.event.profiling.TestFullStackTrace
  */
 public class TestFullStackTrace {
-    private final static String EVENT_NAME = EventNames.ExecutionSample;
-    private final static int MAX_DEPTH = 64; // currently hardcoded in jvm
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Throwable {
-        RecurseThread[] threads = new RecurseThread[3];
-        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; ++i) {
-            int depth = MAX_DEPTH - 1 + i;
-            threads[i] = new RecurseThread(depth);
-            threads[i].setName("recursethread-" + depth);
-            threads[i].start();
-        }
-
-        for (RecurseThread thread : threads) {
-            while (!thread.isInRunLoop()) {
-                Thread.sleep(20);
-            }
-        }
-
-        assertStackTraces(threads);
-
-        for (RecurseThread thread : threads) {
-            thread.quit();
-            thread.join();
-        }
+        new BaseTestFullStackTrace(EventNames.ExecutionSample, "sampledThread").run();
     }
 
-    private static void assertStackTraces( RecurseThread[] threads) throws Throwable {
-        Recording recording= null;
-        do {
-            recording = new Recording();
-            recording.enable(EVENT_NAME).withPeriod(Duration.ofMillis(50));
-            recording.start();
-            Thread.sleep(500);
-            recording.stop();
-        } while (!hasValidStackTraces(recording, threads));
-    }
-
-    private static boolean hasValidStackTraces(Recording recording, RecurseThread[] threads) throws Throwable {
-        boolean[] isEventFound = new boolean[threads.length];
-
-        for (RecordedEvent event : Events.fromRecording(recording)) {
-            //System.out.println("Event: " + event);
-            String threadName = Events.assertField(event, "sampledThread.javaName").getValue();
-            long threadId = Events.assertField(event, "sampledThread.javaThreadId").getValue();
-
-            for (int threadIndex = 0; threadIndex < threads.length; ++threadIndex) {
-                RecurseThread currThread = threads[threadIndex];
-                if (threadId == currThread.getId()) {
-                    System.out.println("ThreadName=" + currThread.getName() + ", depth=" + currThread.totalDepth);
-                    Asserts.assertEquals(threadName, currThread.getName(), "Wrong thread name");
-                    if ("recurseEnd".equals(getTopMethodName(event))) {
-                        isEventFound[threadIndex] = true;
-                        checkEvent(event, currThread.totalDepth);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; ++i) {
-            String msg = "threadIndex=%d, recurseDepth=%d, isEventFound=%b%n";
-            System.out.printf(msg, i, threads[i].totalDepth, isEventFound[i]);
-        }
-        for (int i = 0; i < threads.length; ++i) {
-            if(!isEventFound[i]) {
-               // no assertion, let's retry.
-               // Could be race condition, i.e safe point during Thread.sleep
-               System.out.println("Failed to validate all threads, will retry.");
-               return false;
-            }
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    public static String getTopMethodName(RecordedEvent event) {
-        List<RecordedFrame> frames = event.getStackTrace().getFrames();
-        Asserts.assertFalse(frames.isEmpty(), "JavaFrames was empty");
-        return frames.getFirst().getMethod().getName();
-    }
-
-    private static void checkEvent(RecordedEvent event, int expectedDepth) throws Throwable {
-        RecordedStackTrace stacktrace = null;
-        try {
-            stacktrace = event.getStackTrace();
-            List<RecordedFrame> frames = stacktrace.getFrames();
-            Asserts.assertEquals(Math.min(MAX_DEPTH, expectedDepth), frames.size(), "Wrong stacktrace depth. Expected:" + expectedDepth);
-            List<String> expectedMethods = getExpectedMethods(expectedDepth);
-            Asserts.assertEquals(expectedMethods.size(), frames.size(), "Wrong expectedMethods depth. Test error.");
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < frames.size(); ++i) {
-                String name = frames.get(i).getMethod().getName();
-                String expectedName = expectedMethods.get(i);
-                System.out.printf("method[%d]=%s, expected=%s%n", i, name, expectedName);
-                Asserts.assertEquals(name, expectedName, "Wrong method name");
-            }
-
-            boolean isTruncated = stacktrace.isTruncated();
-            boolean isTruncateExpected = expectedDepth > MAX_DEPTH;
-            Asserts.assertEquals(isTruncated, isTruncateExpected, "Wrong value for isTruncated. Expected:" + isTruncateExpected);
-
-            String firstMethod = frames.getLast().getMethod().getName();
-            boolean isFullTrace = "run".equals(firstMethod);
-            String msg = String.format("Wrong values for isTruncated=%b, isFullTrace=%b", isTruncated, isFullTrace);
-            Asserts.assertTrue(isTruncated != isFullTrace, msg);
-        } catch (Throwable t) {
-            System.out.println(String.format("stacktrace:%n%s", stacktrace));
-            throw t;
-        }
-    }
-
-    private static List<String> getExpectedMethods(int depth) {
-        List<String> methods = new ArrayList<>();
-        methods.add("recurseEnd");
-        for (int i = 0; i < depth - 2; ++i) {
-            methods.add((i % 2) == 0 ? "recurseA" : "recurseB");
-        }
-        methods.add("run");
-        if (depth > MAX_DEPTH) {
-            methods = methods.subList(0, MAX_DEPTH);
-        }
-        return methods;
-    }
 }

test/jdk/jdk/jfr/event/profiling/classes/test/RecursiveMethods.java

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2025 SAP SE. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+ package test;
+
+ import java.time.Duration;
+
+ /*
+  * A class used to create a simple deep call stack for testing purposes
+  */
+ public class RecursiveMethods {
+
+    /** Method that uses recursion to produce a call stack of at least {@code depth} depth */
+    public static int entry(int depth) {
+        return method2(--depth);
+    }
+
+    private static int method2(int depth) {
+        return method3(--depth);
+    }
+
+    private static int method3(int depth) {
+        return method4(--depth);
+    }
+
+    private static int method4(int depth) {
+        return method5(--depth);
+    }
+
+    private static int method5(int depth) {
+        return method6(--depth);
+    }
+
+    private static int method6(int depth) {
+        return method7(--depth);
+    }
+
+    private static int method7(int depth) {
+        return method8(--depth);
+    }
+
+    private static int method8(int depth) {
+        return method9(--depth);
+    }
+
+    private static int method9(int depth) {
+        return method10(--depth);
+    }
+
+    private static int method10(int depth) {
+        if (depth > 0) {
+            return entry(--depth);
+        }
+        return depth;
+    }
+}

test/lib/jdk/test/lib/jfr/EventNames.java

@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ public class EventNames {
     public static final String ThreadAllocationStatistics = PREFIX + "ThreadAllocationStatistics";
     public static final String ExecutionSample = PREFIX + "ExecutionSample";
     public static final String NativeMethodSample = PREFIX + "NativeMethodSample";
+    public static final String CPUTimeSample = PREFIX + "CPUTimeSample";
+    public static final String CPUTimeSamplesLost = PREFIX + "CPUTimeSamplesLost";
     public static final String ThreadDump = PREFIX + "ThreadDump";
     public static final String OldObjectSample = PREFIX + "OldObjectSample";
     public static final String SymbolTableStatistics = PREFIX + "SymbolTableStatistics";