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It's worth distinguishing these cases from run-of-the-mill wrong-password problems, since users have been known to waste lots of time pursuing the wrong theory about what's failing. Now, our longstanding policy about how to report authentication failures is that we don't really want to tell the *client* such things, since that might be giving information to a bad guy. But there's nothing wrong with reporting the details to the postmaster log, and indeed the comments in this area of the code contemplate that interesting details should be so reported. We just weren't handling these particular interesting cases usefully. To fix, add infrastructure allowing subroutines of ClientAuthentication() to return a string to be added to the errdetail_log field of the main authentication-failed error report. We might later want to use this to report other subcases of authentication failure the same way, but for the moment I just dealt with password cases. Per discussion of a patch from Josh Drake, though this is not what he proposed.
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